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A really fairly simple guide to: mobile browser-based application development (part 2, CSS)

A really fairly simple guide to: mobile browser-based application development (part 2, CSS). Chris Greenhalgh G54UBI / 2011-02-21. Content. CSS Inline styles Common CSS properties Style-sheets Simple CSS Selectors

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A really fairly simple guide to: mobile browser-based application development (part 2, CSS)

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  1. A really fairly simple guide to:mobile browser-based application development (part 2, CSS) Chris Greenhalgh G54UBI / 2011-02-21 Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  2. Content • CSS • Inline styles • Common CSS properties • Style-sheets • Simple CSS Selectors Note: you can skip CSS to begin with, and come back to it if and when you need to polish the appearance of you page/application Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  3. CSS • Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a (set of) standard(s) for specifying the detailed appearance of web pages • CSS has two main parts: • Ways to select elements within the page (document), i.e. “selectors” • Ways to specify the appearance of those elements, i.e. “properties” Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  4. Inline styling • CSS properties can be specified directly for individual HTML elements using the style attribute (see next slide) • Pro: • Simple and direct – no seletors • Con: • Must be specified separately for each element • Although by default child elements will inherit some properties, e.g. font Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  5. Inline CSS http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~cmg/G54UBI/mobile/Element.html • <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html> <head> <title>Hello</title> </head> <body> <h1>Hello</h1> • <p style="font-size: 10"> Some 10-point text, <b>Bold</b> </p> </body></html> Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  6. Some common CSS properties • background-color, color • E.g. “rgb(255,0,0)” is red • 255/255 red, 0/255 green, 0/255 blue = “#ff0000” = “red” • text-align • centre / right / justify • font-family • serif / sans-serif / monospace • font-size • 10px (pixels), 10pt (point) • border-style • solid, dotted, dashed, … • border-width • width, height • pt, px, … , %, auto, inherit • min-width, max-width, min-height, max-height • position • fixed, relative, absolute • left, right • visibility • hidden (still takes up space) • display • none, inline, block Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  7. Stylesheets • An external “stylesheet” is specified using a <link> element in the HTML file header: • <link rel="stylesheet" href="HelloCSS.css" type="text/css"/> • The stylesheet contains a list of entries: • selector{properties } • The properties are applied to all document element(s) matching the corresponding selector Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  8. Using Stylesheets • Pros • A single stylesheet specifies appearance for a whole page or site • No duplication of style properties per element • Faster, more concise, easier to be consistent, easier to update • Separation of concerns: all styling done in stylesheet • Cons • Extra file, extra download: if lost then styling lost Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  9. Main selector types • Element name • E.g. “p” • Applies to all elements of that name • Element class • E.g. “.CLASS” • Applies to all elements with that “class” attribute • Takes priority over element selector • Element ID • E.g. “#ID” • Applies to the single element with that “id” attribute • Takes priority over element and class selector /* All paragraph elements, */ p { font-family: serif; font-size: 14pt; border-style: solid; border-width: thin; } /* elements with class 'sans' */ .sans { font-family: sans-serif; } /* element with id 'Alice' */ #Alice { color: fuchsia; border-width: thick; font-family: monospace; } Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  10. A Simple CSS Example in Use http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~cmg/G54UBI/mobile/HelloCSS.html <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>Hello</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="HelloCSS.css" type="text/css"/> </head> <body> <p>A paragraph.</p> <p>Another paragraph.</p> <p class="sans">Paragraph with class sans</p> <p class="sans">Another paragraph with class sans</p> <p class="sans" id="Alice">Paragraph with class sans and id Alice.</p> </body> </html> Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  11. Conclusions • CSS is used to specify appearance of the HTML elements and content • Can be specific “inline” per element • Usually specified in a separate Style sheet • You should now be able to • Specify basic styling for an HTML file, both inline and using a stylesheet Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

  12. Other resources • The WWW Consortium CSS working group, http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/ • CSS 2.1 specification, http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/ • CSS 3 is still being standardised, but many parts of it can be used already • Online tutorials, e.g. • http://www.w3schools.com/ Chris Greenhalgh (cmg@cs.nott.ac.uk)

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