p r o p o l i s

1. p r o p o l i s Planning and Research of Policies for Land Use and Transport for Increasing Urban Sustainability Fifth Framework Programme Thematic Programme: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Key Action: City of Tomorrow and Cultural Heritage

2. WEBSITES http://www.wspgroup.fi/lt/propolis/ http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/propolis/ http://www.vtt.fi/rte/projects/yki4/spartacus.htm http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/propolis/gis.htm

3. The Consortium LT LT Consultants Ltd, Finland Co-ordinator IRPUD Universität Dortmund, Institut für Raumplanung, Germany S&W Spiekermann & Wegener, Urban and Regional Research, Germany, Subcontractor to IRPUD ME&P Marcial Echenique and Partners, UK UCL University College London, Institution incorporated by RoyalCharter, UK TRT TRT Trasporti e Territorio, Italy MECSA Marcial Echenique y Compañía S.A., Spain STR STRATEC S.A., Belgium Scientific Officer of DG Research Dr. Eric Ponthieu, European Commission

4. Structure of the presentation • The objectives • The case cities • The PROPOLIS approach • The indicators • The tools • The policies • Evaluation of policy options • Inercity comparisons • Conclusions, recommendations and further work

5. Objectives The objective of PROPOLIS is to research, develop and test integrated land use and transport policies, tools and comprehensive assessment methodologies in order to define sustainable long term urban strategies and to demonstrate their effects in European cities by: - developing further the theory of urban transport and land use systems and enhancing existing planning and assessment methodologies - executing a policy testing process in 7 European urban regions, by analysing the test results and by aiming at generalised conclusions - identifying policy packages that are likely to achieve the environmental goals without compromising economic efficiency and social sustainability - establishing close contacts with policy and decision makers and users of the system and by adopting an effective dissemination and exploitation programme.

6. Objectives: What are the current trends - what do we try to achieve? Sustainability PROPOLIS goal Continuation of existing policies Do nothing Time 2000 2020

7. The PROPOLIS case cities

8. Case Cities:The settlement structure and population of the case city regions Helsinki 0.9 Dortmund 2,5 Inverness 0,1 Naples 3,0 Vicenza 0,8 Bilbao 1,1 Brussels 2,9

10. Institutional framework Environmental sustainability Comprehensive sustainability Economic Social sustainability efficiency The PROPOLIS approach to sustainability For a city to be sustainable it needs to use resources in an efficient and equitable way within the carrying capacities of the environmental and social systems it is dependent on.

11. The PROPOLIS approach, process andsystem

13. INDICATORS are used to measure the three dimensions of sustainability - Conditions for selecting indicators: • Relevance. PROPOLIS can only concentrate on the most relevant indicators • Policy sensitiveness. Only indicators that are sensitive to the policies to be tested are of interest • Predictability. A lot of indicators are suitable for monitoring but for the PROPOLIS approach it is essential that the indicator values can be forecast into the future. This condition leaves a lot of indicators out of the scope of PROPOLIS • From the evaluation point of view, the indicators should be independent and measure different aspects of sustainability • They should also follow the impact chain as far as possible, for example, instead of measuring noise levels they should rather measure exposure to noise • Concerning the social indicators PROPOLIS can only try to measure the objective conditions of social environment whereas the subjectivedimension of social welfare is left out of the scope. • Finally, the indicators should be selected so that each of the city models should be able to produce values for them.

14. The indicator themes are: ENVIRONMENTAL Global climate change Air pollution Consumption of natural sources Environmental quality SOCIAL Health Equity Opportunities Accessibility and traffic ECONOMIC Total net benefit from transport

15. Environmental indicators • Global climate change • Greenhouse gases from transport • Air pollution • Acidifying gases from transport • Volatile organic compounds from transport • Consumption of natural sources • Consumption of mineral oil products, transport • Land coverage • Need for additional new construction • Environmental quality • Fragmentation of open space • Quality of open space

16. Social indicators • Health • Exposure to particulate matter from transport in the living environment • Exposure to nitrogen dioxide from transport in the living environment • Exposure to traffic noise • Traffic deaths • Traffic injuries • Equity • Justice of distribution of economic benefits • Justice of exposure to particulates • Justice of exposure to nitrogen dioxides • Justice of exposure to noise • Segregation

17. Social indicators • Opportunities • Housing standard • Vitality of city centre • Vitality of surrounding region • Productivity gain from land use • Accessibility • Total time spent in traffic • Level of service of public transport and slow modes • Accessibility to city centre • Accessibility to services • Accessibility to open space

18. Economic indicators • Transport user benefits • Transport operator benefits • Government benefits from transport • Transport investment costs • Transport external accidents costs • Transport external emissions costs • Transport external greenhouse gases • Transport external noise costs • Economic index: total savings €/inhabitant (NPV)

24. 3 Types of Land Use and Transport Modelsare used to predict long term changes in the transport and land use systems. Pricing policy, car costs up by 75%. Difference in the number of inhabitants and employment compared with the Reference Scenario.

32. Tools: Model inputs and outputs are harmonised for harmonised results MOTORWAY MAJOR URBAN ROAD OTHER ROADS RAILWAY SERVICE METRO SERVICE RAILWAY TRACK METRO TRACK BUS AND TRAM BUS AND TRAM LINES CAR PARK/ACCESS TRAIN & BUS ACCESS/WAIT FERRY SERVICE WALK INTRAZONAL 18 Aggregated links 49 links HELSINKI links NAPLES 14 19 links BILBAO 27 links VICENZA 19 links INVERNESS 19 links BRUSSELS 17 links DORTMUND

35. Tools: GIS-tools are used to improve the spatial disaggregation Raster Module:Quality of open space

36. Tools: GIS applications - exposure to noise

37. Tools: Analysis tools are used to identify short and long term effects

38. Tools: Illustration methods are important instruments when communicating with the public IRPUD

41. Tools: Economic evaluations are made in a special module TRT

42. POLICIES: What are the instruments - what types of policies are addressed? • Infrastructure investments: rail, road, bus • Land use strategies, theories • Pricing policies (tolls, congestion, fuel, parking) • Public transport policies (fares, speeds, service) • Regulatory policies (speeds, parking, land use restrictions etc.) • Policy combinations

43. POLICIES: Policy runs implemented in all case cities

45. Evaluation of indicator sets, the USE-IT evaluation structure

46. USE-IT evaluation output after the indicators’ weighting process

47. Policy comparisons using indicators and indices

48. Evaluation: Problems to be faced • What are the socio-economic footprints? • Conflicting short and long term effects • Policy combinations - cumulative or neutralising effects • Mitigation of negative side effects • Conflicting goals - is there an optimum?

49. EVALUATION PROBLEMS:-How to balance between conflicting goals?-Is there an optimum?-Can all dimensions of sustainability be improved at the same time?

50. Intercity comparisons