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Eiji Muraki Professor, Department of Educaitonal Informatics 、 Tohoku University

2004 International Conference of NTNTC GIMS and RDC: Technology-Based Testing and Standard-Based Assessment Japanese Virtual Universities. Eiji Muraki Professor, Department of Educaitonal Informatics 、 Tohoku University. IT-based Education. Distant Learning Distance Education

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Eiji Muraki Professor, Department of Educaitonal Informatics 、 Tohoku University

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  1. 2004 International Conference of NTNTC GIMS and RDC: Technology-Based Testing and Standard-Based AssessmentJapanese Virtual Universities Eiji Muraki Professor,Department of Educaitonal Informatics、Tohoku University

  2. IT-based Education Distant Learning Distance Education On-line Education e Learning Web-Based Education Internet-Based Education Cyber-Campus Virtual University (VU)

  3. Reformation of Japanese Higher Education & Virutal University • Higher Education Reform (大学改革) (1990-2000) • Committee Report on Higher Education University: Japanese Universities of the 21 Century and Reformation Strategies-Universities with Positive Identifications (October 26, 1998) 大学審議会答申 「21世紀の大学像と今 後の改革 方策についてー競争的環境の中で個性が輝く大 学」 

  4. Reformation of Japanese Higher Education & Virutal University • Committee Report on Higher Education University: About Japanese Higher Education for the Age of Globalization (November 22, 2000) 大学審議会答申 「グローバル化時代に求められる高 等教育の在り方について」 

  5. History of Virtual University • 1971 USAExcelsior College • 1969EnglandOpen University • 1892 USA University of Chicago Extension CenterCorresponding Course Postal Mailing of Printed Course Materials • Emerging of Internet Technologies • June 2000 Global University Alliance

  6. History of Virtual University • Universities21 • Universities owned by Private Company 私企業設立の大学  • Cardean University by NEXT(Oracle) • Kaplan Concord University, School of Law • Venture Business by Established Universities • New York University (New Tork Online), Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Duke, Temple, etc. • Internet School of Tohoku University 東北大学インターネットスクール http://www.istu.jp/

  7. Four Types of Virtual UniversitiesType 1 • Distance Education provided by Established Universities • Nihon University 日本大学(by Satellite 衛星通信による) • Shinshu University 信州大学(by the mixed medium of microwave and optical fiber マイクロウェーブや光ファイバーなどの組み合わせ) • Stanford Online

  8. Four Types of Virtual UniversitiesType 2 • Consortium I コンソーシアムI型(Assembly of Educational Institutions 機関集合型) • California Virtual Campus (CVC) • Cyber University being planned (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Nagoya, Osaka, Kyushu Universities, & NIME) 「サイバー・ユニバーシティ」構想中(北海道大学、東北大学、名古屋大学、大阪大学、九州大学、メディア開発センター)

  9. Four Types of Virtual UniversitiesTypes 3&4 • Consortium II コンソーシアムII型(Contract 契約型) • Western Governors University(WGU) • Independent 単独型 • University of Phoenix (UoP) • Jones International University (JIU) • Human Synthetic Science University at Saitam 人間総合科学大学(埼玉、初の通信制私大)構想中

  10. The Functions and Characteristicsof Virtual University • Providing Education by IT (Internet and TV Conference System) (インターネットやTV会議システム)による教育提供 • Working Adult Learners: Various conditions of Entrance and Degree Awarding 有職成人が対象学習者:入学・学位取得要件が異なる • Academic Assistance: Mentoring メンターの存在などの授業外学習支援 • Cooperation with Private Enterprise 私企業協力 • IT Environment 普及版コンピュータ環境 • Study at Home 自宅学習 • Economic & Profitability 採算性

  11. Today’s Virutal University • Two-Way Communication 双方向コミュニケーション • Increased social demands 社会的需要度の伸張 • Demand of New Higher Education System 新しい大学像 • New Ability required for Contemporary Learners 学習者に求められる能力の変化 • Will to live in IT society 情報社会に生きる力 • Active participation to information 情報を主体的に判断し、捉える力 • Will to study continuously 継続的に学ぶ力 • Active seeking for new knowledge and skills 常に新しい知識やスキルを学ぶ必要性 • Adaptability to competitive society 実力社会への対応力 • Breaking old system and values 学歴社会、終身雇用制度、年功序列制の崩壊

  12. Challenging Tasks confronted by Contemporary University Systems • Declining Birth Rate and Declining Achievement Level 少子化による入学生の減少と学力低下 • Increasing University Students 少子化ために大学進学率が増加 • New Academic Requirements 新しい学習指導要領への対応 • 2003年 New subject: Information 教科「情報」 • Responses to Committee Reports 大学審議会等の答申に対する対応 • High Level of Ethics and Responsibility 高い倫理性と責任感 • Understanding of Japanese Culture 文化に対する理解 • Communication Skills コミュニケーション能力 • IT Literacy 情報リテラシー • Scientific Literacy 科学リテラシー • Administrative Changes of National Universities and their Evaluation 国立大学の独立行政法人化と大学評価への対応

  13. Problems • Ramification of Teacher’s Role 細分化される教員の役割 • Instructional Designer,Visual Designer, Web Developer, Copy Right Issues • University with no regular teaching staff 教員のいない大学 • Synchronic two-ways communication to non- synchronic two-ways communication 同期双方向から非同期双方向へ • TV Conference system to On-line 80年代からのテレビ会議システムからオンラインへ

  14. Problems • Social Functions 社会化機能 • Teaching=Learning has two aspects: Cognitive and Social 教授=学習には認知的機能と社会化機能のふたつがある. • Socialization 社会化機能 Hidden Curriculum • Liberal Arts Education • How to recreate human interaction in the virtual reality? 生身の人間間交流をVRでどう再現していくか? • Kentucky Virtual University cyberspace上でのFootballのLeague戦

  15. 今後の遠隔教育システム • Real time image transmission リアルタイム映像伝送システム • Feedback system フィードバックシステム • System for Debate and Discussion 討論ディベートシステム • Authoring system for leaning materials 教材製作システム • Delivery system for Texts and documents テキスト・資料送付システム • Hand-on system ハンズオンシステム • On-demand learning system オンデマンド学習システム • Follow-up system フォローアップシステム • System for Registering 登録システム • Assessment system アセスメントシステム

  16. How to construct effecitve distance education • Quality of educational contents 教育内容の品質確保 • Keeping up high learning motivation 高いインセンティブを持たせる仕組み • Integrated IT system 統合化された高度システムの構築 • Following up students after the course 受講後のフォローアップ

  17. Distance Education which is not possible by Traditional Schooling遠隔授業ならではの教育 • From shortening temporal and spatial distance (Reach) To constructing new distance learning environment (Richness) 時間と空間の距離を短縮すること(Reach)から、教室型の授業ではできないこと(Richness)の模索へと転換.

  18. Distance Education which is not possible by Traditional Schooling遠隔授業ならではの教育 • From Teacher-centered To Learner-centered 教室での講義を聞くという教員中心の教育から、学生の学習を補助、支援する学習者中心の教育への転換.

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