Japanese Canadians, Peruvians and brazilians

1. Japanese Canadians, Peruvians and brazilians By: Joshua, Chloe, Eveli, zak and Hassan

2. Japanese Canadians Before the war • There were about 23000 japanese canadians in canada. • 13,000 of them were born in canada, not in japan or somewhere else. • Japanese Canadians experienced some violence and discrimination even before the war. • Many were unemployed. • When the Pacific war began, discrimination against Japanese Canadians increased due to the aggression of the Japanese. • After the attack on pearl harbor, the japanese Canadians were were categorized as enemy aliens

3. During the war • 22,000 Japanese-Canadians were put in the internment camps(camps for prisoners of war). 4000 of those (citizens) were relieved of their canadian citizenship and deported to Japan. • Japanese men were sent to camps where they were not allowed to leave without permission, if the japanese did so, then they were not allowed to find jobs or go to school • Male japanese who worked on sugar beet farms were allowed to have their families with them, those who did not work were sent to internment camps in Ontario • The government introduced a new measure. it was called the custodian alien measure. The custodian alien measure took Japanese citizens Property under protective custody. The japanese were led to believe that their property would be held in trust until they settled somewhere else in Canada. Sadly, that was a lie and their land, belongings and homes were sold off. • Small towns in the BC interior such as Greenwood, Sandon, New Denver and Slocan became interment quarters mainly for women, children and the aged. Living conditions were poor, even for women and children. • Japanese Canadians were forced to pay for their own internment. • The japanese canadians movements were restricted and their mail was censored

4. A map of the internment camps and prisons and where they were located in Canada. The name of each camp and prison is listed. There were 10 camps, 2 prisons. • The purpose of these internment camps was to keep the canadians safe from any attacks within Canada by the japanese canadians and In British Columbia, there were fears that some Japanese who worked in the fishing industry were charting the coastline for the Japanese navy, acting as spies upon Canada's military A road crew of interned men building the Yellowhead Highway. ( highway that connects the four western canadian provinces of british columbia, alberta, manitoba, and saskatchewan together)

5. Japanese were not allowed in these areas, if Japanese were found in these areas, they would be punished under order in Council in Canada

6. After the war • After the war, 6,000 people were returned to Japan, which many people considered as an act of racism. • People then protested and argued that this policy was a crime against humanity and that citizens could not be Deported from their own country. • On 1 April 1949, the Canadian government announced that Japanese-Canadians could live anywhere in Canada. • $1.3 million was awarded to 1,434 Japanese-Canadians for damages to property. • In 1988, 46 years after the first Japanese internment camps, Japanese-Canadians were REPAID for all they had experienced during the war. • A REPAYMENT package was put forward which amounted to $12 million and each surviving internee received $21,000

7. Japanese Peruvians Before In 1899 large amounts of Japanese immigrants came to Peru eager to escape the poverty and unemployment back in Japan. With promises of steady work, they avidly signed labor contracts only to find that life as a laborer on Peruvian farms was miserable. Some managed to escape life as a laborer and establish their own businesses and livelihood in Peru. The success of Japanese shops enraged the natives. During Resentment towards the Japanese was only fueled more by propaganda tying anyone of Japanese descent to Japan’s role as an enemy of the Allies and world peace. Peruvians vandalized and destroyed over 600 Japanese homes and businesses, dozens of Japanese were killed or injured. Peruvian officials deported Japanese-Peruvians to the US in exchange for $25 million. After Japanese Peruvians were held in detention until 1946 because officials had seized their passports and accused them of being illegal aliens. Some returned to japan or remained in the US. Only 79 were readmitted to Peru. Peru remained anti-Japanese for some time. The remaining Japanese in Peru kept a low profile to avoid problems.

8. Japanese Brazilians Before the War: • Japanese have been living in brazil for the last 100 years, and they are the second largest Japanese community outside of japan. • Even before the war there was a lot of racism against the Japanese. Brazil entered the war in 1942 when there were 200,000 Japanese Brazilians. During the war: • Japanese brazilians were not allowed to travel out of the country without permission. • They could not drive, and if they hired drivers they had to have permission from the police. • July 1943, large numbers of japanese immigrants were removed from the coast. • Thousands of japanese were arrested or deported due to being “security risks”. • Hundreds of japanese schools were shut down. • They Were FORbidden from speaking and writing in their native language. • The japanese under detention were tortured- some were forced to step on a picture of Emperor Hirohito to test their “loyalty”. After the war: • Brazil officially apologised for its cruel treatment of the japanese during ww2 october of this year, about 68 years after the end of the war.

9. "A bit of the truth is better than silence," Akira Yamachio, who said his father was detained and tortured, testified before the truth commission. "There inside [the prison] there was persecution and torture. They ordered people to take off their clothes and pass through a 'corridor of death'.”- From the article Sins Of The Fathers: Brazil Formally Apologizes To Japanese Community For World War II Abuses

10. Bibliography • Version:1.0 StartHTML:0000000105 EndHTML:0000003562 StartFragment:0000002288 EndFragment:0000003526 • Crowder, Nicholas. "JAPANESE." JAPANESE. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. • "The Enemy Alien Files:." Enemy Alien Files: Resources: Japanese Peruvian Oral History Project (JPOHP): Little-Known Story of the Japanese Peruvians During WWII. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. • Josephs, Leslie. "U.S. Went after Japanese in Peru in WWII." SFGate. N.p., 10 Aug. 2008. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. • Kushner, Eve. "Japanese-Peruvians: Reviled and Respected." Eve Kushner Freelance Writer JapanesePeruvians Reviled and Respected Comments. N.p., Sept. 2001. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. • Aquino, Faith. "Brazil Apologizes for Racism against Japanese Community during WWII - The Japan Daily Press." The Japan Daily Press. The Japan Daily Press, 14 Oct. 2013. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. <http://japandailypress.com/brazil-apologizes-for-racism-against-japanese-community-during-wwii-1437707/>. • Gosh, Palash. "Sins Of The Fathers: Brazil Formally Apologizes To Japanese Community For World War II Abuses." International Business Times. International Business Times, 13 Oct. 2013. Web. 04 Dec. 2013. <http://www.ibtimes.com/sins-fathers-brazil-formally-apologizes-japanese-community-world-war-ii-abuses-1423800>. • ThAT ONE PACKET FROM mR. sCHWARZE-. CH 6 the social impact of the second was on the USA • CBC. "Japanese Internment." CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 2001. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. • http://www.ascension.k12.nf.ca/curriculum/social/socialinjustice/Japanese%20Internment%20Pics/canadamap2.gif