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Measurements

Measurements. How do we measure things?. Televisions – 20” screen not a 50.8 cm screen Milk – Quarts, pints, gallons not liters or milliliters. Interesting Measurements. Fathoms Depth of water Drams or Scruples Weight for apothecary Hands Height of a horse

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Measurements

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  1. Measurements

  2. How do we measure things? • Televisions – • 20” screen • not a 50.8 cm screen • Milk – • Quarts, pints, gallons • not liters or milliliters

  3. Interesting Measurements • Fathoms • Depth of water • Drams or Scruples • Weight for apothecary • Hands • Height of a horse • Pennyweights, slugs, square perches, circular mils, sections, grains

  4. How do we know how much? How do we compare these measurements? Conversions!

  5. Conversions • Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Celsius • (Degrees F – 32) x 5 / 9 • Degrees Celsius Degrees Kelvin • (Degrees C + 273.18) • Degrees Celsius Degrees Fahrenheit • (Degrees C x 9 / 5) + 32

  6. Conversions 1 Foot = 30.48 centimeters 1 Foot = 0.3048 meters 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 1 kilometer = 3280.8 feet 1 kilometer = 0.62137 miles 1 yard = 0.9144 meters

  7. Too Hard? Lets look at a better way!

  8. International System of Units • SI for short • Base 10 system – everything is simple, easy. • No commas • 1,000 (not correct) 1 000 (correct) • No periods after symbols • Gram = g meter = m liter = L not: g. m. L. • In 1988, the SI became the standard measurement for trade and commerce in the United States.

  9. Base Units Mass = Grams (g) - symbol is a lower-case g Length = Meter (m) - symbol is a lower-case m Volume = Liter (L) - symbol is an upper-case L

  10. Prefixes • Tera (T) • Means 1 Trillion (1 000 000 000 000) • Giga (G) • Means 1 Billion (1 000 000 000) • Mega (M) • Means 1 Million (1 000 000) • Kilo (k) • Means 1 Thousand (1 000) • Hecto (h) • Means 1 Hundred (100) • Deka (da) • Means Ten (10)

  11. Prefixes • Deci (d) • One-tenth • Centi (c) • One - hundredth • Milli (m) • One- thousandth • Micro ( µ ) • One-millionth • Nano (n) • One-billionth • Pico (p) • One-trillionth

  12. Example 1 1 Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram grams gram Gram (g)

  13. Example 2 Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter meters meter Meter (m)

  14. Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liter Liters liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter liters Liter Liter (L)

  15. Tera________ = 1 000 000 000 000 ________ 1 Giga________ = 1 000 000 000 ________ 1 Mega________ = 1 000 000 ________ 1 Kilo_________ = 1 000 ________ 1 Hecto________ = 100 ________ 1 Deka________ = 10 ________ ___________ 10 Deci ________ = 1 ________ 100 Centi ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 Milli ________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 Micro________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 Nano________ = 1 ________ 1 000 000 000 000 Pico________ = 1 ________ byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes byte Bytes Byte (B)

  16. Data Tables • Data tables are used to record and explain data • While doing experiments • Record measurements, descriptions, other observations • While analyzing results • Organize ideas and data • To show statistics or results • Easy to explain results to others

  17. Example: IPOD Song List Each column has a heading Rows can have headings too Titles are descriptive of what is in the table

  18. Example from an Experiment

  19. How to create a table • Look at the information you have (or want to get) • Decide on a title (theme) for your table • Label columns (and rows) • Columns are vertical • Rows are horizontal

  20. How to create Drawings When using a microscope, draw the entire viewing field Write the Magnification that was used to create your drawing Be as clear and accurate as possible Magnification: 100X

  21. How to create Drawings Make sure to show size, shape and location of anatomical structures. Again, drawings should be as clear and accurate as possible.

  22. Labeling Drawings • When labeling drawings: • 1. Use a RULER to draw label lines. • 2. Label lines should point to the CENTER of the structure being labeled. • 3. Writing should never be on the lines. • 4. All labels should be PRINTED HORIZONTALLY • 5. When possible, label the right-hand side of the drawing • 6. Do not cross label lines.

  23. Correct Labels Cell Wall Anaphase Metaphase Prophase Magnification: 100X

  24. Averages Sometimes it is necessary to find the average of a group of numbers. What do you do? #1. Add all the items in the group together. #2. Divide by the total number of items.

  25. Average Example • Find the average of the following ages of students: 10, 12, 11, 10, 12 Add them all together: 10 Then, divide by 12 the number of 11 items in the list. 10 + 1255 / 5 = 11 55 Average = 11

  26. Rounding • What if there is a decimal? • Round to what it says to. • Tenth • Hundredth • Thousandth • If 6 and above, round up • If 5, then look to the next number (when in doubt, round up) • If 4 and below, round down

  27. Examples • Round to the tenth: • 1.34 • 6.54 • 3.89 • 4.65 • Round to the hundredth: • 35.987 • 6.444 • 3.918 • 8.022

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