Cell Processes

1. Cell Processes Specific cell organelles carry out specific processes

2. Photosynthesis Water & CO2 • Carried out by Chloroplast • Photosynthesis Formula: Oxygen & sugar

3. Cellular Respiration • Carried out by mitochondria • Converting sugar molecules to ATP • Remember: What’s ATP? • Mitochondria takes in O2 and sends CO2 out –cell “breathing” • Formula:

4. Cell Membrane, Transport, and Solutions

5. Engage • Can you smell what is inside the balloon? • Describe what “semi-permeable” means

6. Composition of the Fluid Mosaic ModelRead This passage to fill in your notes. Any bolded words in the passage should be highlighted on your notes page. • The cell membrane is also called the plasma membrane and is made of a phospholipid bilayer. The phospholipids have a hydrophilic (water attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water repelling) tails. Phospholipids can move sideways and allow water and other polar molecules to pass into or out of the cell. This is known as passive transport because it does not require energy and the water or molecules are moving with the concentration gradient. Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are proteins that also aid in diffusion and in cell recognition. Proteins called integral proteins go all the way through the bilayer while peripheral proteins are only on one side. Large molecules like cholesterol or carbohydrates use proteins to help move across cell membranes.

7. Membrane structure • Phospholipids~ membrane fluidity • Heads are hydrophilic • Tails are hydrophobic

8. Composition of the Fluid Mosaic ModelRead This passage to fill in your notes. Any bolded words in the passage should be highlighted on your notes page. • Another type of lipid in the cell membrane is glycolipid that makes the membrane more fluid. Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are proteins that also aid in diffusion and in cell recognition. Proteins called integral proteins go all the way through the bilayer while peripheral proteins are only on one side. Integral proteins are also called surface proteins. Large molecules like cholesterol or carbohydrates use proteins to help move across cell membranes.

9. Cell/Plasma Membrane Functions • Moves materials in and out of cell • Maintains homeostasis (balance of materials in/out of cell) • Attaches to cytoskeleton to provide shape • Protects what’s inside the cell

10. The Structure of the Plasma Membrane CLICK HERE TO WATCH A VIDEO ABOUT THE CELL MEMBRANE YOU MUST WATCH THE VIDEO BEFORE MOVING ON

11. Membrane structure • Cholesterol/Carbohydrates~ membrane stabilization and fluidity

12. Membrane structure • Integral proteins~ proteins positioned within the membrane • Peripheral proteins~ proteins on surface of membrane

13. The Structure of the Plasma Membrane Now, it’s time to color the picture on the back of your page. Phospholipid bilayer Integral protein Surface (peripheral) protein Phosphate heads Cholesterol/carbohydrate Fatty acid tails **cross out glycoprotein and glycolipids

14. Activity- Membrane Coloring Peripheral Cholesterol Phospholipid bilayer Integral protein Phosphate heads

15. Membrane Structure- Recall • What are the general structures found in the cell membrane? • Phospholipids • Cholesterol/Carbohydrates • Integral proteins • Peripheral proteins

16. Now, you need the “Membrane Traffic” sheet • Passive Transport • Diffusion • Osmosis • Active Transport • Endocytosis • Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis • Exocytosis

17. Passive Transport • Does NOT require energy because molecules move WITH the flow of traffic • Osmosis • Movement of water molecules WITH the concentration gradient • Diffusion • Movement of any other molecules WITH the concentration gradient

18. Active Transport • Requires Energy calledATP(form of energy made by mitochondria). • Moves against the concentration gradient. • 2 types • Endocytosis (2 kinds) • Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis • Exocytosis

19. Endocytosis Transporting material into a cell by the folding in of the cell membrane. • Two types: • Phagocytosis- Solid particles are ingested into the cell. • Pinocytosis – liquids taken into the cell.

20. Exocytosis • Moves materials out of the cell

21. Check for Understanding • Osmosis is the diffusion of _______ across a cell membrane. • Osmosis and Diffusion are both types of __________ transport. • Passive transport does or does not require energy? • Energy is known as ATP. T or F • Small molecules cannot move across freely. T or F • Large molecules can move freely. T or F

22. Next, fill in the information for “Solutions” on the backSolutions- 3 Types • Isotonic Solution • Hypotonic Solution • Hypertonic Solution

23. Isotonic Solution • The solute outside the cell is equal in concentration to the solute in the cell. • The cell retains its shape. • water moves equally in both directions • Before after • They look exactly the same

24. Hypotonic Solutions • Solution outside the blood cell contains a lower concentration of solute than inside of the cell. • Water will diffuse in. • cell will lyse (burst). • Animal cells – called cytolysis. • Plant cells do not burst- cells create turgur pressure because of the cell wall—grocersuse this idea

25. Cells in a Hypotonic Solution

26. Hypertonic Solutions • The solution outside the cell has a higher concentration of solute than inside of the cell. • Water will diffuse out of the cell, • causing the cell to shrink • Why should you not salt meat before cooking? • think about what salt does to your body; meat will be dry • CRENATIONPLASMOLYSIS

27. Cells in a Hypertonic Solution

28. Quick Review (check for understanding) • The next few slides will review the information about solutions. • Number your paper 1-8 • Your answer choices are • Hypertonic • Isotonic • Hypotonic • Answers will be used more than once

29. In what type of solution would these cells be found? 1 2 3

30. Water balance Summary 5 4 6

31. Classify the following terms as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic7. Plasmolysis 8.Turgidity