Human Bio 11

1. Human Bio 11 The Cell

2. Inside the Cell • A cell is made up of numerous organelles which are bound together by a cell membrane. • Each organelle has a specific job within the cell • Sometimes it is easier to remember what the parts of the cell are if you think of them as the parts of a town.

3. Inside a Cell

4. Organelles • Nucleus – the information center of the cell…much like the library and town hall of a town all rolled into one.

5. Organelles • More about the Nucleus • The nuclear membrane encloses the cell’s genetic material or DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) • The DNA forms long strands called chromatin that are scattered throughout the nucleus. • The DNA holds all of the instructions the cell needs to make the necessary substances for building the cell and making it work.

6. Organelles • Even more about the Nucleus • Scientists have performed many experiments to show that … • The nucleus is the control centre of the cell • Without a nucleus the cell cannot perform its key functions. • The nucleus controls and manages cell function and is the storage centre for all information and instructions for all of the organelles.

7. Organelles Ribosomes - contribute to the manufacturing of substances that are important to cell functioning • Use proteins to deliver messages throughout the cell • Is like the telephone operator of a town.

8. Cell Membrane • Acts like a fence around the cell • Is like border patrol • The cell membrane separates the cell from its surroundings. It controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

9. Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm - a jelly like material that supports the nucleus and other organelles.

10. Organelles • Endoplasmic Reticulum - a folded membrane that looks like a series of canals. The E.R. transports materials from one part of the cell to another. • Is the transportation route—the bus or rail service of a town

11. Mitochondria • Mitochondria - these organelles are the power producers of the cell. They transform energy for the cell. • Is the Power Company

12. Golgi Bodies • the couriers of the cell - they package the material the cell produces and send it to other parts of the organism. • Is the Post Office

13. Organelles • Vacuoles - fluid filled storehouses that store food, water, waste and other material for the cell • Lysosomes - the garbagemen of the cell. They break down food, digest waste and get rid of worn out parts.

14. Plant vs Animal cells • Plant Cells • have rigid cell walls • contain organelles called chloroplasts • Have much larger vacuoles • Chloroplasts allow the plant to produce chlorophyll