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Mechanics of Rowing

Mechanics of Rowing. D. Gordon E. Robertson, Ph.D. Yves D. Fortin, M.Sc. Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CANADA Supported in part by Sport Canada and the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Development Fund. Purpose.

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Mechanics of Rowing

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  1. Mechanics of Rowing D. Gordon E. Robertson, Ph.D. Yves D. Fortin, M.Sc. Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CANADA Supported in part by Sport Canada and the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Development Fund.

  2. Purpose The purpose of this research was to determine the mechanical roles of the leg moments of force during the drive (extension) phase of the rowing stroke.

  3. Methods • Gjessing rowing ergometer • elevated so Kistler force platform can measure foot reaction forces • 4 experienced females, 5 experienced males • filmed at 50 fps • force transducer at handle • inverse dynamics to obtain ankle, knee and hip moments and powers

  4. Experimental setup Pulling Force (Strain Gauge Force Transducer) Flywheel Workload Adjustment Foot Stretcher Biological Amplifier Force Platform Charge Amplifier Bridge Amplifier A/D Converter Cine-Camera Micro-Computer

  5. Results • Females power came almost exclusively from hip extensors • may explain why Silken Laumann was able to compete and win bronze medal after severe injury to calf

  6. Powers at the hip, knee and ankle for female rowers 1500 RFEK RFLM 1000 RFLN Hip RFMM Concentric 500 0 -500 Eccentric Power (watts) 1000 Knee Concentric 500 0 Eccentric -500 Ankle 500 Concentric 0 Eccentric -500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive)

  7. Results • males produced greatest by hip extensors • lesser power from knee extensors • least power by ankle extensors (plantar flexors)

  8. Powers at the hip, knee and ankle for male rowers 1500 Hip RFBS RFDH 1000 RFKH RFNT RFSD Concentric 500 0 -500 Eccentric Knee Power (watts) 1000 500 Concentric 0 Eccentric -500 Ankle 500 Concentric 0 Eccentric -500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive)

  9. Hip angular velocity, moment and power for rowing Trial: RMBS 5 Flexing Angular Velocity (/s) 0 Extending -5 Flexor 200 Moment of Force (N·m) 0 Extensor -200 Concentric 500 Moment Power (watts) 0 Eccentric -500 catch -1000 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0 20 40 50 70 Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive)

  10. Knee angular velocity, moment and power for rowing Trial: RMBS 5 Extending Angular Velocity (/s) 0 -5 Flexing 200 Extensor Moment of Force (N·m) 0 -200 Flexor Concentric 500 Moment Power (watts) 0 -500 Eccentric catch -1000 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive)

  11. Ankle angular velocity, moment and power for rowing Trial: RMBS 5 Dorsiflexing Angular Velocity (/s) 0 Plantar flexing -5 Dorsiflexor 200 Moment of Force (N·m) 0 -200 Plantar flexor 500 Concentric Moment Power (watts) 0 -500 Eccentric catch -1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive) Time (% drive)

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