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Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants. Chapter 30. Learning Targets. Seeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land. 30.1. Seeds vs. Spores. Spores. Seeds. Provide protection and support for embryo Dispersal via various means (fruits  animals)

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Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

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  1. Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants Chapter 30

  2. Learning Targets

  3. Seeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land 30.1

  4. Seeds vs. Spores Spores Seeds Provide protection and support for embryo Dispersal via various means (fruits  animals) Dormancy allows a waiting period for ideal conditions • No protection or support for embryo • Rely on environmental conditions for dispersal • Short lifetime (no dormancy)

  5. Five Derived Traits of Seed Plants Reduced gametophytes Male gametophyte Microscopic male and female gametophytes (n) are nourished and protected by the sporophyte (2n) Female gametophyte Heterospory Microspore (gives rise to a male gametophyte) Megaspore (gives rise to a female gametophyte) Ovules Integument (2n) Megaspore (n) Ovule (gymnosperm) Megasporangium (2n) Pollen Pollen grains make water unnecessary for fertilization Seeds Seeds: survive better than unprotected spores, can be transported long distances Seed coat Food supply Embryo

  6. Gymnosperms bear “naked” seeds, typically on cones 30.2

  7. Gymnosperms • Ex: Cycads, Ginkos, Gnetos, Conifers • SEED! • Inside a seed is the female gametophyte • Pollen is male gametophyte • If sperm reaches ova, zygote forms • Seeds help plants survive harsh conditions • Gymnosperms have a naked seed (cones)

  8. The reproductive adaptations of angiosperms include flowers and fruit 29.3

  9. Angiosperms • Ex: Very diverse plants (monocots, dicots) • Flower – helps plants reproduce • Fruit – helps seed dispersal

  10. Human welfare depends greatly on seed plants 30.4

  11. Plant Uses and Benefits

  12. Plant Uses and Benefits

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