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Adding in Race, Culture and Ethnicity (Powell 17-36)

Adding in Race, Culture and Ethnicity (Powell 17-36). The changing organization. Thing centered People centered Old structure. Boss Mgmt Workers. The changing organization cont. Middle management cut out More interaction between workers and boss

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Adding in Race, Culture and Ethnicity (Powell 17-36)

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  1. Adding in Race, Culture and Ethnicity (Powell 17-36)

  2. The changing organization • Thing centered • People centered • Old structure Boss Mgmt Workers

  3. The changing organization cont. • Middle management cut out • More interaction between workers and boss • Levels now flow together (showing that other ideas are important beyond the boss’s ideas) • Workplace is now a community • Is the airline industry a community? • No…many strikes lately between the bosses and the workers

  4. Benefits of the “Community” feeling • Less time looking busy and more time being busy • Sprint-pause cycle • More teamwork production because people feel they are on a common level • Less stereotypes, less distinctions between workers

  5. Problems with lack of diversity • Public welfare • People who run the system probably have never been on the system • Boiled Frog • Need for evaluation and accountability • Comment cards • Stereotyping professions • Occupational segregation (blue vs. pink collar jobs)

  6. Why doesn’t everyone diversify? • Must deal with the differences • May call present actions into question • May require changes in the existing structure

  7. III. The Economic and Societal ContextPowell ( 37-46)

  8. Changes in the Labor Market in the past 30 years • Increases in women’s Labor Force Participation Rates • More divorces • Change in social norms and attitudes • Increases in technology • More “things” to make housework less time consuming • Increases in information processing • E-mail, internet…

  9. Gender Equity Versus Equality • Equality (same) • impossible • Were the two sexes equal there would not be two sexes, but rather one. • Equity(fair)is possible.

  10. Impacts of changing workplace • Women are seen as flexible in their working lives • More part time, less experience, more discontinuity in work lives • Women are seen as more attractive employees • Part time workers are less expensive (lower wages and no benefits)

  11. Changing view of management • Past: structured, rigid, those to be feared • Male traits • Present/Future: approachable, able to communicate, sensitive to worker’s feelings • Female traits

  12. Division of Labor between work and household responsibilities • Old ideology: the person with the least amount of time spent “at the office” will do more of the housework • Problems: • Women still viewed as secondary. Thus equal hours doesn’t mean equal work. • Virtual organizations

  13. Gender Gap in Earnings • Since 1955 earnings has been tracked to see if there is a “cost of being female” • This “cost” has been found no matter how you break income down (median, average, weekly…) • Exists across occupations, over the life-cycle, across cultures… • The only thing that has changed is the number

  14. Important Points • If gender gap = 64% then women earn $0.64 for every $1.00 a man earns • Must be comparable jobs

  15. How calculate???

  16. Example • Female wage = 24561 • Male wage = 32472 • Gender earnings ratio? • 76% (women earn 76% of what a comparable man earns or $0.76 of every man’s $1.00) • Gender wage gap? • 24% (women earn 24% less than a comparable man)

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