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Black Hawk & Chief Joseph Surrenders

Black Hawk & Chief Joseph Surrenders. Presentation by Bre Schuett, Paige Maag, and Marissa North. Black Hawk Background. Born Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak (Black Sparrow Hawk) in 1767 By age 15, became a “brave” (need to kill or injure enemy in battle) By age 45, he had killed 30 enemy warriors.

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Black Hawk & Chief Joseph Surrenders

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  1. Black Hawk & Chief Joseph Surrenders Presentation by Bre Schuett, Paige Maag, and Marissa North

  2. Black Hawk Background • Born Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak (Black Sparrow Hawk) in 1767 • By age 15, became a “brave” (need to kill or injure enemy in battle) • By age 45, he had killed 30 enemy warriors

  3. Black Hawk Background • Went against customs; married young and stayed faithful to his wife, Asshewaqua (Singing Bird) • Rejected Christianity and practiced in ancient Sauk religion • Sauk tribe signed the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, promised friendship and protection by United States

  4. Black Hawk Background • Signed another treaty that gave the government 15 million acres of Sauk land in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Missouri • Government paid them $2,274.50 • Black Hawk and other chiefs argued treaty was not valid and those who signed it did not represent all of them

  5. Black Hawk Background • Government insisted it was binding • In 1808, Americans built a fort in the disputed territory, and Black Hawk decided to lead a war party to destroy the fort • Backed off when confronted with loaded cannons

  6. Chief Joseph Background • Born In-mut-too-yah-lat-lat (Thunder Traveling Over the Mountains) in Wallowa Valley (northeastern Oregon) in 1840 • More commonly known as Younger Joseph (father was Older Joseph) • Succeeded his father after Old Joseph’s death in 1871

  7. Chief Joseph Background • Resisted attempts of white settlers to force them into a small Idaho reservation • An 1873 government order made white settlers leave • Government reversed their decision in 1877

  8. Chief Joseph Background • General Oliver Otis Howard threatened an attack if they would not move • Chief Joseph reluctantly led his tribe to Idaho • Never made it there

  9. Chief Joseph Background • About twenty young warriors, enraged about loss of home, staged a raid and killed several white settlers • Army instantly started to pursue tribe • Chief Joseph was pushed to war

  10. Chief Joseph Background • 700 Indians (only 200 were actually warriors) fought 2,000 American soldiers • Marched 1,400 miles • Held off the American soldiers for an impressively long time • Eventually gave up

  11. Black Hawk Bre! Chief Joseph Bre! Historical Significance

  12. Black Hawk’s Farewell • Have you read the story? • Write down the key points.

  13. Chief Joseph’s Surrender • List key points about the differences you noticed.

  14. Both Indians Both chiefs Both fought US Both defeated Black Hawk taken prisoner Black Hawk = Sauk Chief Joseph = Nez Percé Similarities and Differences

  15. Differences in Tone • Black Hawk was more optimistic, even if he was defeated, Indians as a whole would not be defeated • Chief Joseph was more sad and gave up

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