1 / 18

Earth Systems 3209

Earth Systems 3209. Reference: Chapters 2, 3, 6, 7; Appendix A & B. Unit: 3 Earth’s Materials. Unit 3: Topic 1.2. Mineral Groups. Focus on . . . identifying and distinguishing between the main mineral groups that comprise Earth's crust.

talib
Download Presentation

Earth Systems 3209

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Earth Systems 3209 Reference: Chapters 2, 3, 6, 7; Appendix A & B Unit: 3Earth’s Materials

  2. Unit 3: Topic 1.2 Mineral Groups Focus on . . . • identifying and distinguishing between the main mineral groups that comprise Earth's crust. • identifying mineral groups based on their formulas.

  3. Mineral Groups in the Earth’s Crust • Minerals that form the rocks within Earth’s crust belong to Seven (7) main mineral groups: • Silicates • Carbonates • Sulfates • Oxides • Halides • Sulfides • Native NOTE:Questions related to this topic are commonly seen, but not restricted to the multiple choice. Text Reference: pages 44-55

  4. Hints to Classify Mineral Groups • Mineral groups that end with “ate” and have an oxygen group in its chemical formula are one of the following; • Silicates = Si + Ox • Sulfates= S + Ox • Carbonates= C + Ox Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Barite BaSO4 Calcite CaCO3

  5. Hints to Classify Mineral Groups Hematite Fe2O3 Pyrite FeS2 Fluorite CaF2 • Mineral groups that end with “ide” and have a metal (eg. Na, K) in its chemical formula are one of the following; • Oxidides= Metal + O • Sulfides = Metal + S • Halides = Metal + Cl, Br, F

  6. Mineral Groups • Silicates • Silicon and oxygen are the most common elements in earth’s crust. • A mineral group that has silicon and oxygen as part of their atomic structure. • The most dominant mineral class is the silicates. • Makeup more than 96% of the crust.

  7. Mineral Groups • Silicates • All silicate minerals have the same building block: • Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron • consists of four oxygen ions surrounding one small silicon ion.

  8. Mineral Groups • 1) Silicates • Rock forming Silicates are divided into two (2) groups: • Sialic Silicates (Aluminosilicates) • rich in silicon and aluminum. • main rock type found in continents andmakeup about 85% of the crust. • minerals are light in color.

  9. Mineral Groups • 1) Silicates • Rock forming Silicates are divided into two (2) groups: • B. Simatic Silicates (Ferromagnesium) • rich in silicon and magnesium (Iron). • main rock type found in the ocean floorand makeup less than 15% of the crust. • minerals are dark in color.

  10. Mineral Groups • 2) Carbonates • compounds consisting of an atomic structure of one carbon and three oxygen (CO3). • most common carbonate is calcite which make up the rock Limestone. (Ca CO3) • 3) Sulfates • compounds consisting of an atomic structure ofone sulfur and four oxygen (SO4). • the rock Gypsum is an example of a sulfate and it also takes on the mineral name. (CaSO4 2H2O)

  11. Mineral Groups • 4) Oxides • compounds consisting of an atomic structure of oxygen combined with one or more metals. • most common oxides are those of iron (Fe2O3) and aluminum (Al2O3), referred to as Ore - Minerals. • 5) Halides • Halite (NaCl) is the most common halide. Often referred to as table salt.

  12. Mineral Groups • 6) Sulfides • compounds consisting of an atomic structure of one or more metals combined with sulfur. • common ore mineral. • Examples: Pyrite (FeS2), Galena (PbS), Sphalerite (ZnS). • 7) Native Minerals • elements that occur uncombined in nature. • commonly called native elements. • Examples:Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), & Sulfur (S)

  13. Identifying mineral groups by chemical formulas

  14. Example 1: Which is a sulfate mineral? (A) CaMg(CO3)2 (B) CaSO4 ∙ 2 H2O KCl (D) ZnS

  15. Example 2: To which mineral group does CaCO3belong? (A) Carbonates (B) Oxides (C) Sulfates (D) Sulfides

  16. Your Turn . . . Take the time and complete the following questions . . .(Solutions to follow) Question: Which is an example of a halide? barite (BaSO4) (B) calcite (CaCO3) (C) fluorite (CaF2) (D) hematite (Fe2O3)

  17. Solutions . . . Question: Which is an example of a halide? barite (BaSO4) (B) calcite (CaCO3) (C) fluorite (CaF2) (D) hematite (Fe2O3)

  18. Summary . . . Overview of Points covered: • Minerals that form the rocks within Earth’s crust belong to Seven (7) main mineral groups: • Silicates ------ • Carbonates --- • Sulfates ------ • Oxides -------- • Halides -------- • Sulfides ------- • Native ---------

More Related