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Valence Electrons

Valence Electrons. I. Def- Electrons that are found in the outermost energy level or orbital. A. These are the electrons that are involved in chemical bonding and help atoms achieve stability. I. Determining the # of Valence Electrons A. S & P Block (main block elements)-

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Valence Electrons

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  1. Valence Electrons • I. Def- Electrons that are found in the outermost energy level or orbital. • A. These are the electrons that are involved in chemical bonding and help atoms achieve stability. • I. Determining the # of Valence Electrons • A. S & P Block (main block elements)- • 1. Group 1- 1 valence electron • 2. Group 2- 2 valence electrons

  2. 3. Group 13- take group #- 10= 3 valence electrons • 4. Group 14- take group #-10= 4 valence electrons • 5. Group 15, 16, 17, 18, etc. • III. ALL ATOMS WANT TO HAVE 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS!!! • A. Octet Rule- states that all atoms strive to have 8 valence electrons in their outermost energy level in order to achieve a stable arrangement. • Ex. How many v. electrons does Calcium have? • What element would it bond with to achieve stability?

  3. The Periodic Table • I. 3 main groups • A. Metals- found on the left of the staircase • 1. Good conductors of heat and electricity • B. Non-metals- found on the right of the staircase • 1. Poor conductors of heat and electricity • C. Metalloids- found along the staircase • 1. Possess properties of BOTH metals and non-metals.

  4. II. Specific Group Names • A. Group 1- Alkali Metals • 1. MOST reactive group of metals. (due to having only 1 valence electron). • B. Group 2- Alkaline Earth Metals • C. Groups 3-12- Transition Elements • D. Group 17- Halogens • 1. MOST reactive group of non-metals (due to having 7 valence electrons) • E. Group 18- Noble Gases • 1. Most stable group on the periodic table (due to already full octet )

  5. Average Atomic Mass of an Element • 1. If percentages are given, convert to decimals. • 2. Multiply the decimals by the mass of the isotope. • 3. Add the masses together to get the average atomic mass for each element. • Ex. 1.

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