Chapter 6: Taking Control of Your Weight

1. Chapter 6: Taking Control of Your Weight An Invitation to Health Brief, 5th Edition Hales Prepared by: Jeanne Freeman, PhD, CHES

2. The Global Epidemic • More than half of the people on this planet are overweight • Obesity is emerging as number one public health problem of 21st century • Governments need to also act to reverse the obesity epidemic

3. The Global Epidemic • Obesity varies by ethnic group, gender, and age • Weight problems are starting earlier than ever Insert Figure 6-1 here

4. The Global Epidemic Insert Figure 6-2 here

5. Supersized nation Variety of factors have played a role in the increase in overweight and obesity • More calories and bigger portions • Fast food • Physical inactivity and passive entertainment • Modernization • Prenatal factors and child development • Emotional influences

6. Body Image Insert Figure 6-3 here Based on study of 630 college females. Both white and African-American men considered BMI of 20 desirable for women.

7. Understanding Weight Problems • College students • Obesity rates have increased most rapidly for those 18 to 29 years of age • Easy to gain weight on campuses • Vending machines • Fast-food counters • Cafeterias serving hearty meals

8. Best indicators ofweight-related health risks • Body mass index (BMI) • Waist circumference (WC) • Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

9. Health Dangers of Obesity • Serious and potentially fatal disease • Rising rates of disability among younger Americans • Effects are equivalent to 20 years of aging • Diseases associated with obesity • Cardiovascular disease • Diabetes • Cancer • Sleep apnea • Rheumatoid arthritis

10. Health Dangers of Excess Weight Insert Figure 6-4 here

11. Health Dangers of Excess Weight • Impact on body • > Overweight; > disease incidence • Race and ethnic variance • Immune function • Major diseases linked to obesity • Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer • Life expectancy • Emotional toll

12. Methods to Gain Weight • Eat more of a variety of foods • Eat more frequently • Choose calorie-rich foods • Drink juice • Add a commercial liquid meal • Exercise regularly

13. A Practical Guide to Weight Loss • Readiness • Overeating • Hunger – physiological • Satiety • Appetite –psychological • Easily led into temptation • Creamy, buttery, or greasy foods • Leptin and ghrelin

14. A Practical Guide to Weight Loss Insert Figure 6-6 here

15. A Practical Guide to Weight Loss • Low-carbohydrate diets • Low-fat diets • May enhance immune response • Low-calorie diets • Recommended levels for each gender • Very low-calorie diets • Serious health risks • Lose muscle mass • Diet, PA, and behavioral therapy produces greater reductions

16. A Practical Guide to Weight Loss Insert Figure 6-7 here

17. Physical activity & Weight Loss • Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) • Usually does not lead to significant weight loss • Assures you lose fat rather than muscle when combined with a healthy diet • Benefits of exercise • Should include aerobic activity and resistance training

18. The Psychology of Losing Weight • Changing your food-related thoughts and behaviors • Greater self-efficacy/Internal locus of control • Social support • Common characteristics for success • Personal responsibility for change • Exercise • Monitoring • Vigilance • Breakfast

19. Treating Severe Obesity • Severe or “morbid” obesity is increasing faster than obesity itself • BMIs over 40 • Drug therapy • Obesity surgery

20. Unhealthy Eating Behavior • Distress over body image increases risk for all forms of disordered eating • Extreme dieting • Compulsive overeating • Binge eating • Anorexia Nervosa • Bulimia Nervosa

21. Eating Disorders Insert Figure 6-8 here