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MEGALOPOLIS. (CHAPTER 4: PART 2). WHERE’S MEGALOPOLIS?. 1990. 2000. URBAN LANDSCAPES. Major Components : 1. Spatial Interaction 2. Functional Complexity 3. Public Services 4. Accessibility 5. Intensity of Change. MAJOR COMPONENTS (CONTINUED). Spatial Interaction
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MEGALOPOLIS (CHAPTER 4: PART 2)
1990 2000
URBAN LANDSCAPES • Major Components: • 1. Spatial Interaction • 2. Functional Complexity • 3. Public Services • 4. Accessibility • 5. Intensity of Change
MAJOR COMPONENTS(CONTINUED) • Spatial Interaction • refers to the movement that occurs between places • people, via sidewalks, parking lots, subways • information, via communication lines, wires, terminals • utilities, e.g., sewage, water, electricity, and gas
WASHINGTON, D.C. SPATIAL INTERACTION
NYC SPATIAL INTERACTION
MAJOR COMPONENTS(CONTINUED) • Functional Complexity • refers to the land use variations and conflict • related to competition for residential, industrial, commercial, or institutional purposes, or parks and recreational areas.
MAJOR COMPONENTS(CONTINUED) • Public Services… • provide water, sewage, garbage pick-up, etc. • also include: police protection, fire protection, public schools, road works, and health care
MAJOR COMPONENTS(CONTINUED) • Accessibility… • is created and maintained as a public service to insure access to the core from the periphery and among places along the periphery. • is accomplished via bypasses, beltways, parkways, and limited access expressways.
MAJOR COMPONENTS(CONTINUED) • Intensity of Change • Refers to the dynamic nature of the urban landscape • Nothing seems permanent. • Economic ventures, shifts in transportation networks, and developments and declines in residential areas are typical of the continual changes
BOSTON’S “BIG DIG” INTENSITY OF CHANGE
PATTERNS OF CHANGE • Agriculture • Land prices • Channelized development • Outmigration
AGRICULTURAL CHANGE • Vast acreages of field crops have long been replaced by table or specialty crops • Dairy products, tomatoes, lettuce, berries, and vegetables • High value • Perishable • Require considerably less land
LAND PRICES • Tremendous increase in the cost of land throughout the region • Prices have steadily increased outside the CBD, especially along transportation corridors. • Current residential location trend • Smaller lots and subdivisions • Outside the city
PATTERNS OF CHANGE(CONTINUED) • Channelized Development • Growth has occurred along major arterial highways. • Development is both commercial and residential. • Outmigration • Movement continues away from the center city residential areas. • Settlement has extended beyond suburbs to “ruburbs” and “exurbs.” • Made possible by mass transit systems and beltways or highways.
PROBLEM AREAS • KEY SOURCES • Density • Accessibility • Spread
PROBLEM AREAS • Density • Solid waste disposal • Water • Air • Noise pollution • Accessibility • Creates congestion • Should we increase the sizeorefficiency of transportation networks? • Spread • Promotes both environmental and social problems.
INCREASE SIZE OR IMPROVE EFFICIENCY?
MEGALOPOLIS (CHAPTER 4: PART 2)