Water Pollution Control and management in the Bohai Ring Megalopolis

1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MEGACITIES Water Pollution Control and management in the Bohai Ring Megalopolis Dr. Lei Kun Email: leikun@craes.org.cn Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences 2012.5 Munich 1

2. Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Countermeasures/Suggestions Background Environmental status Pollutants discharge Environmental Challenges

3. The regional economic development regime of China Background Northeast China Eastern Coasts Western Region Central Region

4. The regional economic development regime of China Northeast China Western Region Eastern Coasts • Continue to promote the development of the western region • revitalize northeast China and other old industrial bases • promote the central region, • encourage the eastern region to lead the development with reasonable regional industrial structure, obvious features, • To promote the common development of all regions Central Region

5. The Tumen River Area Development Plan • Liaoning Province coastal economic zone development plan • Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone development plan • Tianjin Binhai New Area comprehensive reform pilot program • Hebei coastal economic development planning • Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone Development Plan • Jiangsu coastal development planning • Shanghai international financial center and international shipping center Development Plan • Zhejiang Marine economic development planning • The Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone Development Plan • Comprehensive experimental zone of the Guangdong Ocean and economic development planning • Pearl River Delta region reform and development plan • Hengqin overall development plan • Hainan International Tourism Island Development Plan

6. Liaoning Province coastal economic zone development plan • Yellow River Delta efficient ecological economic zone development plan • Hebei coastal economic development planning • Tianjin Binhai New Area comprehensive reform pilot program • Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone Development Plan Liaoning Province Beijing Tianjin Hebei Province Shandong Province Jinan

7. Background • General Situation of the the Bohai Ring Megalopolis • 11 Provinces,52 coastal cities. • The total area is 1.2809 million km2,13.34% of the land area • 42% of the total population in 2010 • 56% of national GDP Population Area

8. General Situation of the theBohai Ring Megalopolis Background • Liaoning Province, Hebei Province, Shandong Province and Tianjin City • In 2010, the total population of about 66 million, accounting for 4.94%. • Urbanization rate is 60.7%. • GDP: 3.1 trillion China Yuan, accounting for 9.04

9. Background • General Situation of the theBohai Ring Megalopolis • The features of industry development around the Bohai Sea • The important production base of Oil, steel, chemical, shipbuilding. • In 2007, domestic production accounts for 1/7; • Crude oil production accounts for 1/3 • Industrial structure featured by petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, and other heavy industries Heavy industryLight industry

10. In the past 10 years, the national planning recognized the Bohai Ring region as one of the key industrial development areas of China, establish a development regime with “One axis, One core, Two wings, Four hot spots”. Background • General Situation of the theBohai Ring Megalopolis • The features of industry development in the Bohai Ring Megalopolis

11. Liaoning Province Hebei Province Beijing Tianjin Bohai Sea • One axis • One core • Two wings • Four hot spots Shandong Province

12. Background • General Situation of the theBohai Ring Megalopolis • The Coastal areas of the Bohai Sea have very high ecological value • Snake Island Laotieshan • Dalian harbor seal • Chengshan seaside landforms • Shuangtaihekou • Jinzhou Beacon Hill national marine Special Area for Conservation • Changli Gold Coast • Ancient coastal and wetlands • The Binzhouchenier island and the wetlands • Shandong Dongying national estuarine shallow water shellfish ecology of special marine protected areas • DongyingLijin benthic fish ecology national special marine protected areas • Dongying the Guangrao the Nereis class eco-national marine Special Area for Conservation • Dongying Yellow River estuary national special marine protected areas • Yellow River DeltaSpecially Protected Areas, Dongying, Shandong Laizhou Bay Razor Shell Eco national marine • Shandong Changyi national marine ecology Specially Protected Areas • Shandong Longkou yellow water estuarine marine ecosystem national special marine protected areas • National nature reserve • Marine Special Reserve Area

13. Company Logo Environmental Status Liaohe River Basin Haihe River Basin About 54 rivers intoBohai Sea, distributed in the Haihe River, the Yellow River, and Liaohe River Yellow River Basin

14. Environmental Status • The water quality of river entering into the Bohai Sea • The water quality of the river section closed to the Bohai sea • In 2010, the standard-reaching rate of the water quality in the river section: 43.4%

15. River Water Quality of rivers

16. Environmental Status • Environmental status in the coastal areas • The water quality is of good condition in the central area • seriously polluted waters are mainly distributed in the bottom of the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay. • the main pollutants are inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and oil.

17. Environmental Status • Eutrophication • The eutrophication area mainly distributed in the estuary of the bottom of the Liaodong Bay Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay .

18. Environmental Status • significantly decrease trend in the past 50 years. Total amount of fresh water Interannual variability of freshwater flowing into the Bohai Sea.

19. Environmental Status • Coastal Ecological status • Six typical ecological systems: 5 are Sub-healthy and 1 is ill-healthy state. • The main environmental problems are environmental pollution, habitat loss and salinity rise, etc.

20. Environmental Status • Coastal wetland degradation 年） The coastal landscape variation of BohaiBay (1954-2007）

21. Environmental Status • Coastal wetland degradation Land waters Construction Land None vegetation Beach Sea Areas Grass Woodland Ponts Farmland

23. Pollutants Discharge • Sewage discharge

24. Pollutants Discharge The COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP emissions of 13 cities around Bohai Sea

25. Pollutant sources structure

26. Pollutant sources structure The COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP emissions of 13 cities around Bohai Sea

27. Emission Rates of Industrial Pollutants Pollutants Discharge • The seven industry with large emissions : papermaking, petroleum, chemical industry, steel, equipment manufacturing, textile, food Production;

28. Emission Rates of Industrial Pollutants Pollutants Discharge • The main emissions industriesof COD are papermaking, food processing and chemical industry. • The main emissions industries of ammonia nitrogen are chemical industry, petroleum and • food processing .

29. In 2020, The Bohai Ring areas plan to increase 3370 Km2 of new construction land area , which is 35% beyond the built-up land area, which leads to the increase of reclamation projects, and the more intensified ecological vulnerability in the coastal zone. Environmental Challengesof the Bohai Ring Megalopolis • The pressure of Coastal areas of land resources will be increasing Reclamation Areas

30. Environmental Challengesof the Bohai Ring Megalopolis • water environment pressure will be increasing The construction of large industry basesaround the coastal zonemakes the offshore areas are faced with further intensified pollution pressure. •  with the rapidly expanding industrial areas, the important eco-function areas are faced withpressure, the coastal ecological vulnerability isincreased, and the ecological system is under threat.

31. Environmental Challengesof the Bohai Ring Megalopolis • water resources consumption will be increasing With the scale expansion of the heavy industries,water consumption will continue to increase • The rapid development of heavy industry and sea transportation lead to the marine ecological risks raised

32. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures • The Bohai Ring areas plays a very important and strategic role in China’s economic development. Meanwhile, It is also an important area for ecological pattern of China. • How to deal with relationship between the industrial development and environmental protection in the BohaiRing area is the strategic issues related to the sustainable development of the BohaiRing area.

33. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures Strategy overview • Optimization of industrial structures, and control the pollutant discharge • Controlling of the coastal ecosystem health deteriorating, maintaining the Bohai Sea ecological functions • Improving the offshore environmental regulatory capacity and the environmental pollution incident emergency response capacity

34. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures • Optimization of key industrial structures, and control the pollutant discharge • Industrial optimization and upgrading, and gradually reverse the heavy industrial model of development, reduce the proportion of heavy and chemical industries. • Concentrated development of Key industry • Steel, petroleum chemical industry, equipment manufacturing, and energy

35. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures •  Implementation of the integrated watershed –coastal area environmental management • Improve the coastal area town environmental infrastructure construction and operation efficiency

36. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures • The coastal cities make further efforts on "controlling the source and emission reduction", strengthen the land pollution prevention Total amount control target

37. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures • Focus on the pollution prevention of the coastal economic development hot spots area • Strictly implement main industries access standard, reduce emissions intensity of industrial pollution

38. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures The COD and ammonia nitrogen emissions intensity of key industries around Bohai Sea region in 2007 （kg/ ten-thousand-yuan output value ）

39. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures • Focus on the pollution prevention of the coastal economic development hot spots area • Development of the ecological industrial park and the recycling economy demonstration park in the coastal economic hot spots • Developing circular economy and promoting clean production • Strengthen the coastalenvironmental risk control in large and medium-sized enterprises

40. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures • Gradually restore damaged offshore ecological system • The freshwater gradually to increase，no less 30 billion m3 • Natural coastline of proportionno less 65% • Nature reserve area is not less. • Ecological recovery area • Ecological shelter forest area

41. Coordinated Environmental and economic development countermeasures • Constructe the land-sea environmental monitoring system, the integration of early warning and emergency response system, and strengthen the offshore area environment management and risk control ability • Enhance the offshore environmental monitoring capacity • Establish the offshore environmental early warning system • Strengthen the ability of offshore environment risk prevention and emergency response system • Strengthen the offshore environmental management

42. Thank You for your attention !