No one is more miserable than the person who wills everything and can do nothing.

1. No one is more miserable than the person who wills everything and can do nothing.

2. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus10 BC –AD 54 By: Caroline Benson

3. Who is Tiberius Claudius? • Son of Drusus Claudius Nero and Antonia Minor and was born in Lugdnum, Gaul. • His mother referred to him as a ‘monster’ • The 4th Roman Emperor (1st Roman Emperor to be appointed by the army's men and not the senate) • He was an embarrassment to his family due to his stutter, limp, and drooling but this worked to his advantage because many emperors and such considered him weak • He was smart and composed works on all subjects in liberal arts and especially history. These skills helped him a lot when he came to power in reforming the government • Caligula as Emperor: • Claudius granted a consulship to Claudius • Treated badly by Caligula…..Claudius was Caligula’s nephew

4. Coming into Power • Caligula Caesar (emperor from 37-41 AD) was assassinated on 41 AD due to a conspiracy • Planned by three men (officers in the Praetorian Guard led by Cassius Chaerea) but many people in the senate were aware of plot • Questionable if Claudius was involved in conspiracy • After the death of Caligula's wife and daughter Cassius wanted to wipe out entire imperial family • Like many Claudius fled to the palace to hide • A praetorian named Gratus, found him hiding behind curtain • He was informed that he was not part of the people that was under Cassius’s watch • Taken to Praetorian camp where put under protection • The senate first considered the restoration of the republic, but faced with the praetorians' decision, the senators fell in line and bestowed imperial power upon Claudius. • Senate had many discussions considering the restoration of the republic • Had to agree with the Praetorian's decision for Claudius to be emperor

5. Expansion of empire • First expansion since Augustus • Most significant: Invasion and Annexation of Britannia • Senate was appeased with his efforts • Created Census: (48) AD • Increase of a million Roman citizens since Census created after Augustusdeath

6. Legislative and Judicial Reform • Extended summer court and winter term session with shortening traditional break. • Created law: required plaintiffs to remain the in the city while cases were pending like defenders have also been required to do • Menuhin age of jurors raised to 25 to ensure experience jurors • Abolished treason trials • Edicts issued concerning medical advice and moral judgments etc. • 2 famous ones: • 1. promoting Yew juice which cures a snake bite • 2. slaves who recovered after treatment from being sick were freed

7. Contributions to the Community • Finished the Aqua Claudia which was started by Caligula and Anio Novus • Focused on transportation (built roads and canals) • Canal: Rhine River to the sea • Road: Italy to Germany • Canal on the Tiber leading to Portus (reduced flooding in Rome) • Wanted to increase the amount of land that was used for agriculture growing in Italy

8. Actions with the Senate • Wanted to reform the Government into a more representative group of legislators • 47 AD became Censor with LuciusVitellius • The senate did not like Claudius and many people attempted to kill him, because of this had to reduce senate power • 42 AD: Revolt led by Marcus Furius, quickly stopped (showed that they had connection with nobility in Rome) • None of revolts against Claudius were successful

9. Religious Reforms • Liked tradition • Revived old religious ceremonies • Participated in the Secular Games in 47 AD

10. Personal Relationships • Only had relationships with woman • PlautiaUrgulanilla • Married 4 times • AeliaPaetina • Agrippina the Younger more about her • Was his niece (which was contradictory to the Roman law)….so he changed it • Granted title of Augusta (first imperial woman to hold this title sinceLivia) • Her son later become emperor Nero (marked as Claudius’s successor) • Agrippina wanted to him to take the place of Britannicus as imperial heir • And so…..Claudius adopted as son

11. Literary Works • Wrote about new empires and obscure antiquarian subjects • Wrote about the Etruscan history • Eight Volumes of the Carthaginian history • Introduced 3 new letters

12. Death • It is said that he died due to murder by poison by mushrooms • It is concluded that the person behind his murder was his wife Agrippina • Her motive was to ensure the successions of Nero before Britannicus could gain power

13. Reputation and Legacy • “The Pumpkinification of the Divine Claudius” • Mockery of the death and life of Claudius by Seneca, showing that he is judged by Gods and is sent to Hades • He was looked at as vulnerable to many other leaders which hurt him at times. • Claudius Proved that he could be a good emperor despite the odds and stereotypes many placed upon him • He was looked at as a good creator of public works and was a good administrator

14. Say not always what you know, but always know what you say.