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Election of 1800

Election of 1800. Revolution of 1800 Jefferson defeats Adams 1 st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another Adams last Federalist President. Jeffersonian Democracy. Political Party:. Democratic-Republican. Strict. Constitutional Interpretation:. Pro - Farmer.

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Election of 1800

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  1. Election of 1800 Revolution of 1800 Jefferson defeats Adams 1st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another Adams last Federalist President

  2. Jeffersonian Democracy Political Party: Democratic-Republican Strict Constitutional Interpretation: Pro - Farmer States Rights

  3. Jefferson the Man • Wanted democratic society of small, independent farmers • Favored limited government, popular education, protection of civil liberties • Revolution of 1800: triumph of common citizen over the aristocracy, peaceful transition to another party

  4. Government Philosophy Laissez – Faire: Leave it alone Goal: Smaller Government Reduce Debt Eliminate Whiskey Tax Reduce Army Size

  5. Jefferson as President… • Mostly continued Hamilton’s financial program • Continued isolationist policy • Used loose interpretation of Constitution when it suited him…

  6. Judicial Controversy them What were they? How did T.J. deal with them? Judges put in place by John Adams before he left the Presidency Unsuccessfully to tried impeach

  7. Marbury vs Madison Case: “Midnight Judge” sues for his job John Marshall Chief Justice of Supreme Court What was the big deal? Established the precedent of “judicial review”

  8. John Marshall & Supreme Court • Federalist who served 34 years • Marbury v. Madison (1803)  judicial review

  9. Judicial Review Empowers the Supreme Court to decide if a law is constitutional or unconstitutional

  10. Louisiana Purchase United States offered $ 10 million to France for New Orleans French Response: France offered the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million dollars Why? Napoleon needed money for his war in Europe

  11. Lewis & Clark Leaders of the fact finding expedition of the new territory Sacagawea: Indian princess who serves as a guide to the explorers

  12. Jefferson’s Conflict: VS Farm land Constitutional Power Decision: Accepts a “loose” interpretation of the Constitution to make the land purchase

  13. The new United States border shifts from the Mississippi River to the: Rocky Mountains

  14. International Problems VS Impressment: Forced service of U.S. Sailors into the British Navy

  15. Jefferson’s ResponseEmbargo Act (1807-1809) • No US trade w/ foreign countries • Little effect on GB & France • Federalists, South, & West oppose • Non-Intercourse Act repeals, but continues no trade w/ GB, France

  16. What do I have to know? • What were T.J.’s belief on the size of government? How did he go about achieving his results? • Who were the “midnight judges”? How did Jefferson attempt to deal with them? • Explain the significance of Marbury vs Madison. What precedent did it set? Who was the Chief Justice who presided over the event.

  17. Jefferson’s Presidency • What caused Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States? • What issues did T.J. have with the sale? • What was the significance of the deal? • Who were Lewis, Clark, and Sacagawea? • What problems did American sailors have with Europe during this time? • How did T.J. attempt to deal with this issue?

  18. 4th President of the United States “Little Man with Big Brain”

  19. America's Second War for Independence?

  20. Madison & Drift to War • Southern & Western War Hawks, demand war against Britain, Spain • Leaders: John C. Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KY) • Madison asks Congress to declare war in 1812 Madison

  21. Causes of War of 1812 • Impressments & seizure of American ships

  22. Causes of War of 1812 • Resentment of British • British incitement of Indians • Desire to annex Canada, Florida

  23. War of 1812 Causes: Farmers in South and West hurt economically Trade Restrictions British support Indian attacks on the frontier

  24. American Problems • The US was unprepared militarily: • Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships. • Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. • Financially unprepared: • Flood of paper $. • Revenue from import tariffs declined. • Regional disagreements.

  25. Sectionalism!!!!!! • Regional self-interests led to a divided nation at war against the British.

  26. Wartime Events (1812-1815) • Washington DC captured, partially burned (Ft. McHenry withstands bombardment, inspiring Star Spangled Banner)

  27. Battle of Tippecanoe Indian Chief: Tecumseh U.S. Leader: William Henry Harrison Fight over American movement into the frontier

  28. Indians flee to Canada

  29. Battle of New Orleans

  30. The Battle of New OrleansJanuary 8, 1815 • Fought after the peace treaty signed • Made a hero out of Andrew Jackson

  31. Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814 “Not an inch gained, nor an inch lost”

  32. Results of War • Growth of American nationalism • Strengthening of isolationism • Increase in westward migration • Encouragement of US industry • Hartford Convention  disappearance of Federalist Party

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