Unit Two

1. Unit Two Graceful Hands

2. The first two periods • Check the answers of translation • A brief introduction of text A • Key words and expressions and difficult sentences • Exercises

3. Translation of Unit 4 • 1. His parents did not approve of his plan to go and study abroad with a girl they had never met, but he went ahead and got to New York with her. • 2. It is said that painter used his aunt as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength. • 3. The real Ken did not like the three-dimensional Barbie dolls, which were described as having the appearance of “a woman who sold sex”. • 4. The novelist instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of Good-bye, My Dear, a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on his older brother’s farm.

4. 5. After the war, a character called Uncle Sam began appearing in political cartoons, and soon became American’s most popular symbol. • 6. The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing alongside him in front of a farmhouse, their models being respectively the painter’s dentist and sister. • 7. In order to have the buffalo on the other side of the nickel, he went to the Central Park Zoo to sketch an aging buffalo which was later killed for a wall decoration. • 8. One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.

5. Structured Writing Protection of the environment has become a major concern of society. In junior schools, teachers and pupils have specific meetings to discuss the questions of environment. City planner will take environmental problems into serious consideration. Factories will take every possible measure to reduce pollution even at a very high cost. This is because people realize bad air and water pollution affect everyone, making it difficult for cities to survive and for businesses to make a profit.

6. Key words and expressions and difficult sentences • 1. Graceful Hands (the title) • graceful: a. showing a pleasing beauty of form, movement or manner • e.g. She rose to her feet in one graceful manner. • Dolphins are graceful and efficient swimmers. 海豚是动作优雅的游泳高手。 • Translation: 她是一位蓝眼镜的金发女郎，举止很优雅。 • She was a blue-eyed blonde, possessed of graceful manners.

7. 2. ... from the precedingshift... • preceding: a. coming or going before in time, order, etc. • e.g. The author deals with the problem of violence among teenagers in the preceding chapters. • precede: v. • come or go just in front of • e.g. “Sorry for the delay, but there’s a train preceding our bus,” called the driver through his intercom. 司机通过内部通话机说道，“很抱歉，耽搁了时间，可是我们的大巴前有一列火车。 • He came into the room preceded by a small dog.

8. 2) be earlier than • e.g. Thousands of people traveled to America to escape hardship in the years that immediately preceded the First World War. • shift: n. (in a factory, etc. ) a division of the working day; the group who work in this period • e.g. They waited for the day shift to come and take over the work. • Translation: 我在工厂上夜班。

9. 3. As I stand there, the smell hits my nose, ... • hit: vt. affect very badly • e.g. The increase in ticket prices has hit spectator sports badly. 票价上涨极大地影响了观众多的体育运动。 • A powerful earthquake hit the city. • Translation: 我一开门就闻到一股煎火腿的香味。 • The smell of frying ham hit me as I opened the door.

10. 4. I reach for the light switch, and as it silently lights the scene, I return to the bed to observe the patient with an unemotional, medical eye. • Meaning: I stretch out my hand to turn on the light, and as the light quietly lights the whole room, I return to the bed to watch the patient without any personal emotions as a • professional doctor does. • reach for: stretch one’s hand in order to touch or take • e.g. The shopkeeper reached for a packet of tea. • I reach for the long, thin fingers that are lying on the chest.

11. 5. ... the right arm lies straight out at the side, taped cruelly to a board to secure a needle so that fluid may drip in ... (para. 3) • Meaning: ... the right arm lies over the edge of the bed, and is fixed cruelly with a piece of tape to a board so as to fix a needle to let fluid enter the body drop by drop... • tape: v. to stick something onto a surface using tape that is sticky on one side • e.g. There was a notice taped to the door. • The box had been firmly taped shut.

12. secure: vt. • 1) make tight or firm; fasten • e.g. The little boat was secured to the dock with the mooring rope. • The patient’s broken leg was secured with plaster bandage. • 2) make safe; protect • e.g. The officer in charge secured the camp against attack. • They tried to secure the bridge from the threat of further attack.

13. 6. ... and allow a few drops of the cool moisture to slide into her mouth... • moisture: n. a small amount of water or another liquid, in the air, on the surface of something, or in a substance • e.g. Trees have enormous roots that can reach out for moisture below the surface. • 7. She is too weak for conversation, so without asking, I go about providing for her needs. • go about doing sth.: start to work at; set about • e.g. How do you go about building a boat? • Translation: 我们该怎样着手干这件工作？ • How shall we go about the job?

14. 8. Naked, except for a light hospital gown, ... • except for: used to introduce the only things, people, or ideas that prevent your main statement form being completely true • e.g. The classroom was silent, except for the busy scratching of pens on paper. 教室里静悄悄的，　只听见钢笔快速地在纸上书写的沙沙声。 • His composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.

15. 9. When I am finished, I pull a chair up beside the bed to face her and, taking her free hand between mine, again notice the long, thin fingers. (para. 6) • Meaning: When I have done this, I pull a chair up beside the bed to face her. As I take her free hand between mine, I notice again her long, thin fingers. • 10. Again she seems to sense my thoughts, “You... stay...” • Meaning: Again she seems to become aware of what I am thinking, and ask me to stay. • sense: v. become aware of • e.g. The doctors can often sense uneasiness in the patients whom they treat. 医生们通常能觉察他们到所治疗的病人的不安。 • He sensed that she did not want to talk to him.

16. 11. In the total silence, I feel my own pulse quicken and hear my breathing as it begins to match hers, breath for uneven breath. (para. 7) • Meaning: In the complete silence, I feel my own pulse beat faster and hear my breathing as it begins to correspond to her irregular breath. • match: vt. go with; correspond to • e.g. I tried hard, but still my pace couldn’t match his. • Translation: 你必须量入为出。 • You have to match your spending with your income.

17. 12. Some unknown interval of time passes... • interval: n. • 1) a period between two events or times, or the space between two points • e.g. There was a long interval before he replied. • They were not silent but only spoke after long intervals and what they said did not carry to the upstairs rooms. 他们并不是一直沉默，只是隔了很长时间才说话，而且他们说的话没有传到楼上的房间里。 • 2) a brief period between the parts of performance • e.g. 我喜欢在幕间休息时吃冰琪凌。 • I like to eat ice cream in the interval. • Drinks will be served during the intervals of the three performances. • at intervals of: happening regularly after equal periods of time or appearance • e.g. Trains will run from Shanghai to Nanjing at 20-minute intervals from 10 am to 8 pm. • He is likely to need to rest at frequent intervals.

18. 13. Mrs. Clark spared her family an episode... • spare: vt. prevent from (suffering sth.) • e.g. Mary stood up for me at the meeting, sparing me some embarrassment. 玛丽在会上支持我，使我免遭尴尬。 • Miss Green wanted to talk with the sales manager about the monthly sales plan, but the manager asked her to spare him the details as he had to attend a meeting.

19. V. Classroom Exercises • 1. Do Ex. III, IV,V, VI, VII ,VIII and IX (p.130-133) • VI. Homework • 1. Recitation assignment Ex. I (p. 8) • 2. Finish Ex. IX (p. 11)

20. The second two periods • Text Structure analysis • Reading skills introduction • Key words and expressions • Homework

21. I. Introduce the Text Structure analysis and Structured Writing on page 135-137，which is mainly to learn the structure of a paragraph which describes the dominant impression supported by details. • In paragraph 3-4, the author first describes a dominant impression, and then presents the • details which help to create that impression. Now read paragraph 3 and 4, pay attention to the words that can show the author’s feelings. • Do Ex. XIII on page 136. • II. Structured writing: First look at the sample writing on page 136-137, then do ex. XIV on page 137.

22. III.Key words and difficult sentences • 1. She can make sounds, but she can’t make herself understood. (para. 1) • Meaning: She is able to utter words, but nobody can understand her. • make oneself understood: make one’s meaning clear • e.g. I can just about make myself understood in French. • Translation: 他的英语不够好，还不能清楚表达意思。 • His English is not good enough to make himself understood.

23. 2. Or I can deny her the medicine... • deny: vt. • 1) refuse to give, or prevent from having • e.g. Her response was to deny me everything and to tell my father to stop my allowance. • 他的反应就是断绝给予我的一切，并且要我父亲停止给我补贴。 • The wider community is denied the opportunity to deal with the issue openly. • 广大的社区居民没有得到公开处理这个问题的机会。 • 2) not admit • e.g. Mr. Cross also denied that Mr. Bond was trying to sell the painting himself. • 　　克劳斯先生也否认邦德先生曾试图自己出售这幅话。 • Moore refused to confirm or deny whether it was true.

24. 3. ... limited life to which the stroke has condemned her. (para.5) • condemn: vt. criticize strongly, usu. for moral reasons • e.g. The author condemned racism in the strongest language in this article. • East and West leaders join in condemning violence and killing. • condemn sb. to : • 1) make sb. take or accept sth. unpleasant • e.g. His broken leg condemned him to a wheelchair. 他的断腿迫使他只能坐轮椅。 • I do not want to be responsible for condemning my mother to a living hell. • 　我不愿意承担这样的责任，使母亲处于极度痛苦之中。

25. 2) punish sb. with sth. • e.g. In former times a murderer who was found guilty would be condemned to death. • Compare: • condemn sb. / sth. for: have a poor opinion of sb. or sth. because of sth. bad • e.g. The whole town condemned the girl for her wild behavior. • The city was condemned for its high crime rate.

26. 4. I can make this decision because I have gone down this road with patients many times. (para. 7) • Meaning: I am able to make this decision because I have experienced the same thing with patients many times. • Here “gone down this road with patients” refers to the process of making the choice mentioned in the previous paragraph, that is, “Don’t give her anything to fight the infection. Keep her comfortable and let’s see what happens.”

27. . 5. There was nothing I could do to relieve the problems the cancer had caused... • relieve: vt. • 1) lessen or remove (pain, disease, etc.) • e.g. The doctor prescribed some medicine for the patient to relieve his headache. • There might be some return of pain and numbness after 24 hours, but repeating the dose would relieve the problem. • Translation: 为了缓解压力，她开始画画，这是她自小就喜欢的业余爱好。 • To relieve the strain she turned to painting, a pastime she had loved since childhood.

28. 2) provide aid or assistance for (people in need, etc.) • e.g. Public funds relieved the poverty-striven families. • The UNESCO worked to relieve the suffering of children throughout the world. • Relieved: a. pleased because sth. unpleasant is not true, is not as bad as one has feared, happened, or is no longer happening • e.g. I hurried home and was relieved to find her asleep in bed.

29. 6. ... which will keep you fed as your appetite slips away ... • keep you fed: prevent you from going hungry • Please not the structure “keep + n. + v. ed” • e.g. Keep the door closed. • Keep the children amused. • 7. Or I can withdraw all other treatment... • withdraw: v. • 1) pull or take (sb./sth.) from other people • e.g. Jack withdrew the key from the table. • She offered him a cigarette and then withdrew it, saying, “Oh, I forgot that you have stopped smoking.”

30. 2) go away from a place or from other people • e.g. The smaller company later withdrew from the competition. • The two men withdrew from the room while the meeting voted or which should be chairman. • 8. The patient elected to follow my advice and died peacefully, pain free, a fortnight later. • patient: vt. • 1) choose or decide (to do sth.) • e.g. She elected to be a teacher and applied for entrance to a normal university. • If I had elected to stay here, I probably would not have become homeless five years later. • 2) choose sb. by vote • Nona was elected last May to be the first woman president of the 150-year-ld club.

31. 9. No one wanted to take the responsibility for permitting an operation.... • permit: vt. • 1) allow • e.g. Smoking is not permitted here inside the hall. • Please permit me to say a few words. • 2) make it possible (for a stated thing to happen) • e.g. I will come in June if my health permits. • Such hydropower stations have been set up in all places where conditions

32. IV. Homework • Read Section C and do the exercises. • Do Ex.XVII and XVIII (on Page 145).

33. Listening • Compound Dictation: • The Chinese government’s plan to put 1_____ concerns into national and local 2_____ development planning is based on its confidence and strong 3_____ to the concept of managed development. While keeping a close eye and a heavy hand on existing 4_____, the officials have put more attention on prevention. • In addition to a recent official 5_____ encouraging environmental friendly technologies and industries, the National Environmental Protection Agency 6_____ a united order with the

34. Ministry of 7______ demanding that local officials immediately stop financing heavily polluting businesses. The move is to prevent township factories from further damaging the environment. • But 8_____ down polluting factories is only part of the solution. There must be 9_______ technological and financial instruments to 10______ environmentally friendly development. • The United Nations General Assembly will hold a special meeting later this month to review the process of managed development worldwide. The Chinese hope to see stronger commitment from the world 11______ for international working together in the fight to protect our common natural 12______. No single country can save the environment alone.