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Verschueren Environmental Consultancy B.V.

Why most plastics in category 5, 6 and 7 should be landfilled and not recycled Drs. Ben Keet FRSC Geo & Hydro – K8 Ltd e-mail: ben@benkeet.com. Verschueren Environmental Consultancy B.V. Study for Ministry for the Environment Investigation of brominated flame retardants

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Verschueren Environmental Consultancy B.V.

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  1. Why most plastics in category 5, 6 and 7 should be landfilled and not recycledDrs. Ben Keet FRSCGeo & Hydro – K8 Ltde-mail: ben@benkeet.com

  2. Verschueren Environmental Consultancy B.V. Study for Ministry for the Environment Investigation of brominated flame retardants present in articles being used, recycled and disposed of in New Zealand. http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/hazardous/investigation-of-brominated-flame-retardants/investigation-of-brominated-flame-retardants.pdf

  3. Flame retardants are present in many plastics.There are 9 main groups Brominated flame retardants make up 10 % by weight In Europe alone 50.000 tons in 2007

  4. Brominated Flame Retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs or BDE’s) tetrabromobisphenol (TBBP-A) hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)

  5. polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)209 congeners Commercial BDE’s are always a blend

  6. Why a study into Brominated Flame Retardants ?PBDE’s Classed as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s) by Stockholm Convention Banned in most countries: Penta BDE Octa BDE Banned or to be banned: Deca BDE In many countries: Hazardous waste if products contain over 0.25% BDE

  7. Natural breakdown and bio-accumulation of PBDE’s • Natural dehalogenation of PBDE’s by UV radiation (photodecomposition) • Results in more lower brominated PBDE’s. • Bioaccumulation is stronger for lower PBDEs • Deco  Nona  Octa  Septa  Hexa  Penta  Tetra • Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation not well reseached.

  8. “the graph that launched a thousand papers” Meironyt D, Bergman A. 1999. Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Swedish Human Milk,

  9. BDE concentration in House / Office Dust

  10. Figure E.1 Display of XRF analyser showing the bromine concentration of a wall switch (Mitre 10) How to Detect BFR’s ? Lab analysis • Not av. In NZ • Expensive • Selective X-Ray Fluorescence • Portable • Sensitive to Br • Not selective

  11. Estimated quantities of BDE in various sources of the New Zealand environment

  12. Landfill lechate was sampled at Greenmount and Hampton downs. At Hampton Downs, closed cell 1 daily 0.034 ng BDEs leave the landfill. This equates to ¼ kg of BDE containing plastic leaving landfill each year. This is 1 billionth of the total mass of plastics in the landfill. Landfill are secure to sore BDE’s

  13. BDE’s in Plastics Plastic No. 5 6 3 4 7

  14. BDE’s

  15. Figure 3 Richard Moore, creator of Poly Palace in Porirua Recycling Polystyrene (No. 6)Good or Bad?Questions - Discussion

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