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The 1920’s . The Roaring 20’s The Era of Boom & Bust The Laissez-faire Era “A Time for Living on the Froth of Society” Innovation and Revolution The Inter-war Period The Birth of Social Revolution and Modernization . Election of 1920. James Cox (D) Governor of Ohio
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The 1920’s • The Roaring 20’s • The Era of Boom & Bust • The Laissez-faire Era • “A Time for Living on the Froth of Society” • Innovation and Revolution • The Inter-war Period • The Birth of Social Revolution and Modernization
Election of 1920 James Cox (D) Governor of Ohio - Urged adoption of the League of Nations Warren G. Harding (R) Senator from Ohio - Called for a “Return to Normalcy.”
Republican National Convention • Deadlocked in 1920. • Harding alternative in a “smoke-filled room” • Ohio political machine. (cronies) • “Were just regular folk” • A return to Isolationism
Appointments (Good) • Charles Evans Hughes – Supreme Court Justice and former presidential candidate appointed to Secretary of State. • Herbert Hoover – Food Administration leader during WWI appointed to Sec. of Commerce. • Andrew Mellon – Pittsburgh industrialist and millionaire appointed Sec. of Treasury • William Howard Taft – Former President and WWI labor negotiator appointed to Supreme Court Chief Justice.
Appointments (Bad) • Albert B. Fall – appointed to Sec. of the Interior. • Harry M. Daugherty – appointed Attorney General. • Teapot Dome Scandal, Wyoming
Domestic Policy • 1) a reduction in the income tax • 2) an increase in tariff rates under the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922. • 3) establishment of the Bureau of the Budget, with procedures for all government expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to review and vote on.
Washington Conference (1921) • Sec. of State Hughes pushes for conference. • Reps. From Belgium, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and Portugal. • Three agreements were reached.
Agreement of Washington Conf. First: • 5-power: US 5 GB 5 Japan 3 France 1.67 Italy 1.67
Agreement of Washington Conf. Second 4-power: U.S., France, G.B., Japan agreed to respect one another’s territory in the Pacific. Third 9-power: Open Door policy with territorial integrity of China.
Fundamentalism (religion) Birth control / divorce rates Red Scare Nativism (Quota Laws) Race Riots / Strikes Palmer Raids Prohibition Revivalists (Radio) Modernism 19th Amendment (Suffrage) Social Revolution Jazz / Harlem Renaissance Dichotomies of the 1920’s
Examples of Fundamentalism v. Modernism • Rise in the KKK • The Great Migration • The Scopes Trial • Sacco and Vanzetti Case • Blue Laws and Speakeasies • Marcus Garvey