Technical solution for improvement of distributed energy reliability and revenue improvement

1. AMEU 2006 Technical solution for improvement of distributed energy reliability and revenue improvement Medium Voltage products Energy reliability & revenue improvementSpeaker: Jean-Yves Pocthier - Schneider Electric France

2. Medium Voltage products Energy reliability & revenue improvement I. Introduction II. Fault Detection III. Remote control IV. Conclusion Guiding System The new way to make your electrical installations in Electrical Distribution

3. I. IntroductionAn increasing demand for Energy • Main causes • population growth • related economical development • Limitations on electricity side • production means (power plants) • aging T&D networks • outages • technical and non-technical losses

4. I. IntroductionHow to improve MV distribution • Quality of service can be measured • 5 distribution quality indexes (SAIDI, SAIDIp, SAIFI, SAIFIp, SAFIsh) • MV network accounts for 50% of the total faults • HV network (25%) and LV network (25%) • Use a global approach to improve the network • use simultaneously different technical solutions • optimise the use of the existing power means

5. Today ’s focus I. IntroductionHow to improve MV distribution • Reliability of distributed energy • Cables, lines and switchgears improvement • Reduction of outage occurrences and duration • Voltage level control • Harmonic filtering • Revenues • Reduction of non-distributed energy (hence billing) • Reduction of non-technical losses • Optimisation of investment costs

6. I. IntroductionOutage costs • On utilities side • Revenues (non-distributed energy). • Equipment damage. • Standby generators. • Customer satisfaction & regulator penalties. • On customers side • Plants damages – smelters, paper mill, etc. • Lost production time. • Political issues • Government pressure to improve power quality.

7. I. IntroductionTypes of faults • Nature • Transient faults (70%) • conductors clashing in the wind, tree branches, animals on conductors, lightning strikes • Permanent faults (30%) • careless vehicle drivers, operating errors (earth lead connected while re-energizing), engine • Types • earth faults • detected by unbalance threshold • phase to phase faults • detected by phase over current thresholds

8. This solution is well known and widely used in South Africa Today ’s focus I. IntroductionComprehensive solution to reduce outages The solution is a combination of different devices • Distribution lines • standalone Fault Passage Indicators • remote controlled FPIs • remote controlled switchgears (LBS, sectionalizers) • Reclosers • Underground cables • standalone FPIs • remote controlled FPIs • remote controlled switchgears (LBS, CB)

9. Standalone FPIs Remote controlled FPIs Remote controlled switches NO NO NO I. IntroductionComprehensive solutions to reduce outage Control centre Pole mounted switches & MV/LV transformers NO MV/LV substations in underground cable network -- high cost -- low accuracy ++ immediate remote indication ++ immediate remote reconfiguration ------------------------------- ++ current & power measurement ++ remote maintenance ++ low cost ++ high accuracy -- local indication -- local reconfiguration ------------------------------- -- no current & power measurement -- no remote maintenance -+ medium cost -+ average accuracy ++ immediate remote indication -- local reconfiguration ------------------------------- ++ current & power measurement ++ remote maintenance

10. Medium Voltage products Energy reliability & revenue improvement I. Introduction II.Fault Detection III. Remote control IV. Conclusion

11. Examples of products II. Fault DetectionStandalone FPI OVERHEAD LINES • tamper-proof • all types of pole • It helps reducing outages (hence costs), thanks to: • its help to locate the faulty segment by • the detection of both earth and phase-phase faults. • a powerful visual indication. • Standalone FPIs may be chosen among the following types: • for Distribution lines • Clip on phase conductors. • Pole mounted • for Underground cable network: • Wall mounted • Embedded into RMUs • easy to install • balanced poles (A-shape) UNDERGROUND CABLES • easy to install • retrofit or new sites • self-powered • current measurement

12. II. Fault DetectionRemote controlled FPI Protocoles Transmission • IEC 870-5-101 • DNP3 • MODBUS • RS232 • GSM-GPRS • PSTN • 902-928 Mhz radio • In addition to the benefits of a standalone FPI, it provides the following : • Immediate alarm report to the SCADA • Transient fault detection & counting • MV measurement recording (current & power) • There are two types • FPIs fitted with a dry contact output relay, connected to a digital input of a standard RTU fitted with modem functions • poor reliability - no MV measurement • FPIs embedding a RTU function able to record and report alarms & measurement of the MV line on which it is connected • reliability and MV measurement • => helps to track non-technical losses Function • Earth fault & overcurrent detection • Recording of time-stamped events • Recording of load measurement • Alarms reporting

13. Medium Voltage products Energy reliability & revenue improvement I. Introduction II. Fault Detection III.Remote control IV. Conclusion

14. Ideal remote control cabinet Simple & reliable local operation Control center: DNP3, IEC, Modbus Control center: DNP3, IEC, Modbus Remote maintenance substation to retrofit or new design Monitoring & control Open communications Concentrator function Fault detection & measurement Guaranteed switch operation Local devices: protection relays, PM, … Local devices: protection relays, PM, … Ready to connect simple and reliable III. Remote control

15. Examples of products III. Remote controlIdeal remote control cabinet Underground Substations T200 I • up to 16 switches • FPI function on all feeders • Data exchange with IEDs • Auto-changeover function • Control • Control of all switchgears • FPI function. • Current or power measurement. • Logic control • Communication • to SCADA (IEC, DNP3,..) • to IEDs (protection relays, PM) • using radio, PSTN, GSM/ GPRS,… • recording event & measurement. • => helps to track non-technical losses • downloading of SS configuration and software updates. • Power supply • reliable main and back-up supplies, • switch operation during outages. Overhead switches T200 P • up to 2 switches • IP55 enclosure • Sectionaliser function

16. Medium Voltage products Energy reliability & revenue improvement I. Introduction II. Fault Detection III. Remote control/Sectionalizing IV. Conclusion

17. 3 main messages 3 main messages IV. Conclusion • Standalone FPIs, remote controlled FPIs and remote controlled switches are 3 complementary ways to improve a MV network. • Each step will improve network availability and control, hence its reliability and revenues, and some may help to reduce non-technical losses • Improving the availability helps to lower operation costs and meets regulatory obligations.

18. Thanks T for your attention

19. Q Q uestions & answers