World History

1. World History California Standards Review Semester 1 Created by Sharon Wilson ck122.k12.sd.us/600px-World_Map_1689.JPG

2. HSS.WH. 10.1.1Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual. • Judeo-Christian beliefs are monotheistic; based on one God. • Greco-Roman beliefs are polytheistic; based on many Gods. Monotheistic Polytheistic www.thesecularparent.com/.../2010/05/God.jpg nuindil.com/images/greco-roman%20gods-large.bmp

3. HSS.WH. 10.1.2Trace the development of the Western political ideas ofthe rule of law and illegitimacy of tyranny, usingselections from Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics. Plato and Aristotle • Plato believed that the ideal society government should be controlled by a group of philosopher who were trained to be rulers; sometimes referred to as “philosopher kings”. • Aristotle believed that government actions must adhere to the LAW. • Both ancient Athens and the modern Western politics believes that individual achievement, dignity, and worth are central to the political system. • Aristotle believed that law maintained the stability of a nation. www.glue.umd.edu/.../plato%20and%20aristotle.jpg

4. HSS.WH.10.2.1Compare the major ideas of philosophers and theireffects on the democratic revolutions in England, theUnited States, France, and Latin America (e.g., JohnLocke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-JacquesRousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, JamesMadison). • John Locke was known for his belief that “life, liberty, and property” are natural rights that should be protected by government. • In the Virginia Declaration of Rights, 1776, John Locke was quoted as the basis for what Virginia thought were natural rights of all citizens. • Charles-Louis Montesquieuis best known for his arguments forseparation of governmental powers. • Thomas Jeffersonused the natural rights ideas of John Locke intoTheDeclaration of Independencewhen the colonists declared independence from Britain.

5. HSS.WH.10.2.2List the principles of the Magna Carta, the English Billof Rights (1689), the American Declaration ofIndependence (1776), the French Declaration of theRights of Man and the Citizen (1789), and the U.S. Billof Rights (1791). • The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen both emphasized that government had to protect the natural rights of people. • TheFrench Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen granted rights to the laboring class. • The Magna Carta was the first document to encourage the principle of limitation of governmental power. • The United States included the Bill of Rights as the first 10 amendments to the Constitution to guarantee protection for people from government.

6. HSS.WH.10.2.3Understand the unique character of the American Revolution, its spread to other parts of the world, and its continuing significance to other nations. • Unlike the French Revolution, the American Revolution produced a lasting Constitution. • Simon Bolivar led much of the liberation of South America from the rule of Spain. • The American Revolution and theEnlightenment period were the inspiration for the revolutions of South America. • The greatest similarity between the French Revolution and the American Revolution was they both favored representative governments. pbs.org

7. HSS.WH.10.2.4Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution ledFrance to develop from constitutional monarchy todemocratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire. • Each of the following were causes for the French Revolution: • The Third Estate objected to the powers held by the Church; including the collection of taxes. • Thenoble class was engaged in conspicuous consumption which enraged the poor who were struggling to survive. • The noble and religious estates wanted to limit the rights of the Third Estate. • TheReign of Terror in the French Revolution used violence to crush suspected enemies of the Revolution. • Thefall of the Bastille is an example of the popular protests during the French Revolution. stephenhicks.org

8. HSS.WH.10.2.4Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire. • When members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, they were trying to draft a new national constitution which established the power of the people over the monarchy. • Napoleon was able to seize control of France because of theweakness of the French government. • The main goal of the Congress of Viennafollowed the defeat of Napoleon; the Great Powers redrew boundaries to create a balance of power between European nations. davidstuff.com

9. HSS.WH.10.2.5Discuss how nationalism spread across Europe withNapoleon but was repressed for a generation under theCongress of Vienna and Concert of Europe until theRevolutions of 1848. • Between 1815-1848, The Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe suppressed nationalism by ensuring a balance of power between nations. • The Concert of Europe was to ensure that there would not be a major war across Europe. • The best description of the idea of nationalism that spread across Europe at the time of Napoleon was the people, not the king, constituted the nation. • The Napoleonic Wars was the primary means of the spread of nationalism throughout Europe.. figuren-modellbau.de

10. HSS.WH.10.3.1Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize. • The agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contributed to England’s later industrial development by producing more food with fewer workers. • The geographical advantage for England during the Industrial Revolution was the navigable rivers and natural harbors. • The most significant outcome of enclosure in England was the movement of poor farmers from their farms into the cities. casahistoria.net

11. HSS.WH.10.3.2Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison). • Louis Pasteur’s research into germ theory in the 19th century is significant because it proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections. • Among inventions created during the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s were the cotton gin, indoor electric light, and the steam engine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur

12. Industrial Revolution Inventions Electric Light Bulb Thomas Edison Cotton Gin- Eli Whitney Steam Engine James Watt Sewing Machine- Elias Howe Steamboat- Robert Fulton Telegraph Samuel Morse coolest-gadgets.com jimonlight.com teachers.egfi-k12.org danieldaquanaldens.blogspot.com dailycognition.com

13. HSS.WH.10.3.3Describe the growth of population, rural to urbanmigration, and growth of cities associated with theIndustrial Revolution. • The primary reason that so many people moved to cities was to take advantage of the economic opportunities. • In the early 19th century, the most likely place for an industrial city to develop was near a source of energy. apworldhistorywiki.wikispaces.com

14. HSS.WH.10.3.4Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement • In the 19th Century, labor unions developed mostly in response to wages and working conditions. • The union movement in England in the 19th century was started by skilled workers because they were powerful and harder to replace. • Unions benefited most when immigrant laborers were willing to work for lower wages than native-born laborers. webs.rps205.com

15. HSS.WH.10.3.5Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy. Capitalism • To increase production output during the Industrial Revolution, businesses primarily invested in machinery. • In the mid-1700s, trade contributed to the early growth of an industrial economy in Great Britain because it gave British entrepreneurs the capital needed to open new factories. http://timeforeverymantostir.blogspot.com/2010/11/lessons-of-2010.html money.howstuffworks.com

16. HSS.WH.10.3.5Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy. • When the American Civil War decreased Europe’s supply of cotton from the American South,European factory owners turned to Egypt and India as new sources for cotton. • In a capitalist economic system, private citizens own and control the means of production. • The three main components required for production in the Industrial Revolutionland, labor, and capital. reichert.bgsu.wikispaces.net

17. HSS.WH.10.3.6Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominate economic pattern and the response to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism, and Communism. Communism • Karl Marx believed that capitalism would eventually collapse and be replaced by communism because he thought capitalism would caused workers to be badly mistreated. • Communism, a political and philosophical movement, called for community ownership of property brought about by a workers' revolution. cafepress.com

18. HSS WH. 10.3.7.Describe the emergence of Romanticism in art and literature (e.g., the poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth), social criticism (e.g., the novels of Charles Dickens), and the move away from Classicism in Europe. Literature • The social criticism of Charles Dickens’s novels Hard Times and David Copperfield was a response to conditions brought about by industrialization. • Classicism sought to imitate the arts of ancient Greece and Rome. Tradition, reason, and symmetry were prized. The forms of plays and musical compositions followed particular rules; painters and architects incorporated subjects and images from the ancient world. • Romanticism emphasized love of nature, emotional expression, individual experience, and the importance of ordinary people and folk traditions. Romantic Art channelishop.com teamliquid.net

19. HSS.WH.10.4.1Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism( e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology). • By the end of the 1800s, colonies were generally seen as a sign of a country’s relative power. • Industrialization allowed Japan to expend resources on military and colonial expansion. • The United States annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898 to establish a naval base and fueling station in the Pacific. • The copper mines of central Africa were very attractive to 19th century European Imperialists. authentichistory.com

20. HSS.WH.10.4.1Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism( e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology). Imperialism and Colonization • The darken portions of the map indicate the empire of Great Britain by 1920. • The annexation of the Philippines in 1898 raised moral issues within the United States concerning the search for national hegemony (authority over another country). • At the Berlin Conference in 1884, decisions were made to divide Africa based on the claims of fourteen European nations. mrfaught.org

21. Suez Canal, 1869 HSS.WH.10.4.2Discuss the locations of the colonial rule of such nations as England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States. • In the 19h century, the British commonly referred to the Suez Canal in Egypt as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it provided a strategic shipping route to British colonies. • The African colonies were taken from Germany as penalty for its role in World War . • In the era of New Imperialism, the following were examples of the colonization: • India was colonized by Great Britain • The Philippine Islands were colonized first by Spain, later controlled by the United States. • Morocco was colonized by France • Libya was colonized by Italy. modernhistorian.blogspot.com

22. HSS.WH.10.4.3Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule. • In 1900, anti-foreign sentiment in China led to an uprising known as the Boxer Rebellion. • As a European Imperial power, Italy was defeated by the unified regions and people of Ethiopia under the leadership of Menelik II. • As a result of the Sepoy Mutiny (First War of Independence) of 1857, rule of India was transferred to the British government. fresno.k12.ca.us

23. HSS.WH.10.4.3Explain imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized and the immediate and long-term responses by the people under colonial rule. • The reason European colonists believe they had the right to colonize Africa was because they had more wealth and power. • Under the French colonial policy known as paternalism, the people in the colonies were governed by bureaucrats from France. • One of the results of European colonial rule in Africa was that cash crops replaced subsistence agriculture. mrfaught.org

24. HSS.WH.10.4.4Describe the independence struggles of the colonized regions of the world, including the roles of leaders, such as Sun Yat-sen in China, and the role of ideology and religion. • The collapse of the last Chinese Empire in 1912 was caused by the imperial government’s failure to control foreign influences. • Mohandas Gandhi used his philosophy of nonviolent noncooperation in an effort to achieve India’s independence from Great Britain. • By 1914, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only two African countries to retain their independence. factbook.org

25. HSS.WH.10.5.1Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great war and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing civilian population in support of ‘total war”. • Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente in 1907 to respond to the increased military power of Germany. • According to some historians, Europe’s system of alliances prior to 1914 increased the likelihood that small disputes would develop into large-scaled wars. • During World War I, U.S. propaganda posters often portrayed German soldiers as violators of human rights. • Great Britain’s stated reason for declaring war on Germany in 1914 was the German invasion of Belgium. xtimeline.com

26. World War I Propaganda HSS.WH.10.5.1Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great war and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing civilian population in support of ‘total war”. • One major reason for the tension between France and Germany before World War I was that France wanted to regain lands previously seized by Germany. • Prior to the World War I, competition for colonies in Africa and Asia was an important source of conflict between European nations. • The main purpose of propaganda during World War I was to influence public opinion. freewebs.com

27. HSS.WH.10.5.1Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented by leaders from all sides of the Great war and the role of political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing civilian population in support of ‘total war”. This propaganda poster was created during World War I to involve the average citizen in the war effort. The Balkans were known as the "powder keg" of Europe prior to World War I because the area had a long history of ethnic disputes and nationalism. thefullwiki.org schule.suedtirol.it

28. HSS.WH.10.5.2Examine the principal theaters of battles, major turning points, and the importance of geographic factors in military decisions and outcomes (e.g., topography, waterways, distance, and climate.) • Most of the combat on the Western Front in World War I took place in a relatively small area because of theimmobility of trench warfare. • Trench warfare in World War I was characterized by heavy casualties and little territorial gain. • The Schlieffen Plan was designed by the German military to avoid the problem of fighting Allied powers on two fronts. • The best description of the goal of the Schlieffen Plan was to force France to surrender quickly, then stop the Russian advance. • The United States' decision to enter World War I was influenced by the Germans‘ use of unrestricted submarine warfare. goose426.glogster.com

29. HSS.WH.10.5.3Explain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the United States affected the course and outcome of the war. Lenin and the Russian Revolution • Russia’s participation in World War I affected it’s empire through economic hardships which resulted in the downfall of the czar. • American military and financial intervention in World War I was directly responsible for the outcome of the war. • When the United States entered World War I, the immediate effect on the war was that the United States’ entry broke the stalemate on the Western Front. • The impact of the Russian Revolution on World War I was a shift in the balance of power in favor of Germany. xtimeline.com

30. HSS.WH.10.5.4Understand the nature of the war and its human costs (military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how colonial peoples contributed to the war effort. • One contribution of overseas colonies to the Allied effort during World War I was that they provided large numbers of soldiers to reinforce the Allied armies. • Great Britain recruited colonial troops from India in World War I. • During World War I, fewer American soldiers were killed than those of any other major power mainly because the U.S. entered the war later than the other countries. • The First World War has been described as a total war, a term which means that the countries involved devoted all their resources to the war effort. jcs-group.com

31. HSS.WH.10.6.1Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and influences of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of United States rejection of the League of Nations on world politics. • President Wilson stated that the Fourteen Points would provide a lasting and just peace. • Following World War I, a major goal of France and Great Britain at the Conference of Versailles was to keep Germany from rebuilding its military forces. • Vittorio Orlando, the Italian leader, aimed for taking over territory from Austria-Hungry during the creation of the Treaty of Versailles. • At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, both Britain and France wanted to restrict German military power permanently. myhistoryclass.net

32. HSS.WH.10.6.1Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and influences of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of United States rejection of the League of Nations on world politics. • The League of Nations, as proposed by President Woodrow Wilson in 1918, was mainly designed to do which of the following give countries a way to resolve issues without going to war. • In the Paris Peace Conference to end World War I, France rejected the establishment of a League of Nations. • The Treaty of Versailles require ofGermany to accept of sole responsibility for the war. bubbleblowers.com crwflags.com

33. California Standards Review World History Part I This concludes part I of the review. You may continue with Part II if your teacher wants you to continue. Presented by Sharon Wilson- March, 2011 Suggested uses: Teacher instruction and Student Review Test Preparation