What you see on the TV screen is a microscopic

1. What you see on the TV screen is a microscopic view of homogenized milk. When milk is taken from a cow, the milk separates with the cream (butter-fat) on the top and the liquid water part (whey) on the bottom. In homogenization, the butter-fat is broken down into small particles that remain suspended in the whey. The particles you see on the screen are butter fat particles. 1. Make as many observations as you can on what you see on the TV screen in the space below. Make no inferences at this point.

2.  2. You should have observed that the butter fat particles show movement. This movement is called Brownian Motion. Write an explanation (hypothesis) for what is causing this motion.

3. 3. Group Hypothesis: Next, you will be assigned to a group of fellow students. Share your ideas with other members of the group. Combine your ideas to write one hypothesis from the group. Write the hypothesis in the space below. This will be handed in for a grade. Pick a spokesmen to present your idea to the class.

4. 4. Reformulated Hypothesis:

5. A. Parts of the Kinetic Theory: • _______________________________ • _______________________________ • _______________________________ • _______________________________ All matter is made of tiny particles Particles are in constant motion Not all particles move at the same speed As temperature increases, particles move faster

6. B. Kinetic Theory & Thermal Expansion Thermal Expansion Demos: (watch the following demos and comment as to what is happening)

7. when the volume of a material expands as the temperature increases 1. Definition of Thermal Expansion: __________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ 2. How does the Kinetic theory relate to Thermal Expansion? As temperature ________________, the space between the molecules _____________, and the volume _____________________. increases increases expands

8. Metal grooves on bridges 3. Places where thermal expansion is seen in real life. a. _________________________ b. _________________________ c. _________________________ Thermometers Concrete spacers

9. C. How does the Kinetic Theory give rise to different states of matter? 1. As temperature increases, particles: a. _________________________ b. _________________________ c.__________________________ Demo: How does the beach ball demo help demonstrate this? Move faster Bounce harder off each other Spread further apart

10. solid D. Because of the Kinetic Theory, we end up with Three (plus one) States of Matter: 1. __________________________________ 2..__________________________________ 3.___________________________________ 4. __________________________________ liquid gas PLASMA

12. Tightly Packed

13. Lowest “definite” shape definite volume

14. Loosely Associated

15. Indefinite shape Definite volume Middle Speed

16. Not associated w/ each other at all!

17. Indefinite Shape Indefinite volume Highest Link to states of matter video

18. electrically charged gases (most common state of matter in universe, but does not occur naturally on Earth’s surface)

21. PLASMA CUTTER AURORAS PLASMA TV NEON SIGNS & FLUORESCENT LIGHTS LIGHTNING

22. II. Special Characteristics of Solids, Liquids & Gases A. Two type of Solids: 1. Amorphous Solids:______________ _____________________________ _____________________________ solids that have shapes that can change without “breaking”. Instead, they “bend.” Example – silly puddy, rubber band, was

23. solids that have a definite, repeating pattern 2. Crystalline Solid:_________________ _____________________________ Demo: What was shown in class to demonstrate a crystalline solid? (What cooking ingredient is this a model of?) Example – salt crystal, diamond, sugar crystal

24. resistance of a liquid to flow B. Properties of Liquids 1. Viscosity:__________________________ _________________________________ Demo: What demonstration was done to help demonstrate this concept? Ex – corn syrup has high viscosity; water has a low viscosity

25. thin “film” on the surface of a liquid that appears to allow denser items to “float” on it. 2. Surface Tension: _______________________ _____________________________________ Demo: What was done to help demonstrate surface tension? Example – water bug floating on water

27. the attraction between unlike particles 3. Adhesion: ____________________________ _____________________________________ Ex – when salt and water particles mix to create a solution

28. 4. Cohesion:_____________________________ _____________________________________ the attraction between like particles Ex- when the element, mercury, “pulls” away from other materials

29. Demo: How the meniscus in a graduated cylinder is caused by both adhesion and cohesion?

30. Mass C. Properties of Gases: 1. All gas has ____________________. Demo: What was the demo that helped prove that gas has mass? How did it prove it?

31. when particles move from high concentration to low concentration 2. All gas shows diffusion:______________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Demo: What demo was done to prove that gases diffuse? How did it prove it?

32. 3. How to change the volume of a gas by changing temperature and pressure. a. A gas’ volume can easily be changed by: i. _______________________ ii. _______________________ temperature pressure

33. Boyle’s Law increases decreases b. ______________________- as the pressure of a gas ______________, its volume _________________. OR as the pressure of a gas _______________, its volume ______________. decreases increases ↓P, ↑V ↑P, ↓V or

34. Boyle’s Law Demonstrations: Watch the following demonstrations and write a brief description of one (or two) of them and EXPLAIN how it demonstrates Boyle’s Law.

35. Examples of Boyle’s Law in “Real Life”:

36. Charle’s Law increases decreases c. __________________- as the temperature of a gas _______________, its volume _______________ OR, as the temperature of a gas ___________________, its volume ____________________. (think “Charlie has a fever” to remember this is a temperature-volume relationship) decreases decreases ↑T, ↑V ↓T, ↓V or

37. Charles’ Law Demonstrations: Watch the following demonstrations and write a brief description of one (or two) of them and EXPLAIN how it demonstrates Boyle’s Law.

38. Examples of Charles’ Law in “Real Life”:

39. III. Phase Changes A. How doe the kinetic theory relate to phase changes? 1. As the particles move ___________, they will transition from a ____________ to a _____________ to a ______________. faster solid liquid gas

40. slower gas OR 2. As particles move ___________, they will transition from a ____________ to a ____________ to a ______________. liquid solid

41. Solid B. Phase Changes: melting sublimation Liquid ADDITION of heat vaporization Gas

42. Solid freezing deposition Liquid REMOVAL of heat condensation Gas

43. Evaporation C. What are the two type of vaporization that can occur? 1. ___________________- when a liquid phases into a gas at the SURFACE of the material. 2. ___________________ - when a liquid phases into a gas ALL OVER the material in tiny little “bubbles”. Boiling

44. As a class, brainstorm a “real life” example of each of the following: Freezing:_____________________________ Boiling:______________________________ Evaporation:__________________________ Sublimation:__________________________ Condensation:_________________________ Melting:______________________________ Deposition:____________________________