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How Did We Get the Bible?

How Did We Get the Bible?. How We Got the Bible. Lesson Four: Manuscript Discoveries & Modern Translations. Why Does My Bible Say Something Different?.

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How Did We Get the Bible?

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  1. How Did We Get the Bible?

  2. How We Got the Bible Lesson Four: Manuscript Discoveries & Modern Translations

  3. Why Does My Bible Say Something Different? “There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit.” (Romans 8:1, NKJV) “There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.” (Romans 8:1, NASB)

  4. The Nature of Inspiration • Plenary “Full” Inspiration. Lat. plenus “full.” All of Scripture is inspired. • Verbal Inspiration. Every word of Scripture is inspired. • Dynamic Inspiration. Although the the personality and environment of the writer was allowed to show through - the Holy Spirit held absolute control of the outcome.

  5. The Nature of Inspiration • Plenary “Full” Inspiration. Lat. plenus “full.” All of Scripture is inspired. • Verbal Inspiration. Every word of Scripture is inspired. • Dynamic Inspiration. Although the the personality and environment of the writer was allowed to show through - the Holy Spirit held absolute control of the outcome.

  6. The Nature of Inspiration • Plenary “Full” Inspiration. Lat. plenus “full.” All of Scripture is inspired. • Verbal Inspiration. Every word of Scripture is inspired. • Dynamic Inspiration. Although the the personality and environment of the writer was allowed to show through - the Holy Spirit held absolute control of the outcome.

  7. Bible Claims of Inspiration “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.” (2 Timothy 3:16, 17)

  8. Bible Claims of Inspiration “...No Prophecy of Scripture is of any private interpretation, for prophecy never came by the will of man, but holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit.” (2 Peter 1:20-21)

  9. Reasons Versions Differ • Style of Translation (Literal, Dynamic or Paraphrase). • Changes in Language (Archaic forms replaced with modern wording). • Different Textual Basis (OT – Massoretic Text vs. Dead Sea Scrolls; NT – TextusReceptus, Critical Text, Majority Text).

  10. Reasons Versions Differ • Style of Translation (Literal, Dynamic or Paraphrase). • Changes in Language (Archaic forms replaced with modern wording). • Different Textual Basis (OT – Massoretic Text vs. Dead Sea Scrolls; NT – Textus Receptus, Critical Text, Majority Text).

  11. Reasons Versions Differ • Style of Translation (Literal, Dynamic or Paraphrase). • Changes in Language (Archaic forms replaced with modern wording). • Different Textual Basis (OT – Massoretic Text vs. Dead Sea Scrolls; NT – TextusReceptus, Critical Text, Majority Text).

  12. The Textual Basis of Scripture

  13. The Textual Basis of ScriptureWhat Text Was Used in Translation? Old Testament • The traditional Hebrew text known as the Massoretic Text. • Critical texts making use of modern discoveries.

  14. The Textual Basis of ScriptureWhat Text Was Used in Translation? Old Testament • The traditional Hebrew text known as the Massoretic Text. • Critical texts making use of modern discoveries.

  15. The Textual Basis of ScriptureWhat Text Was Used in Translation? Old Testament • The traditional Hebrew text known as the Massoretic Text. • Critical texts making use of modern discoveries.

  16. The Textual Basis of ScriptureWhat Text Was Used in Translation? New Testament • The traditional Greek text known as the Textus Receptus. • Critical texts making use of modern discoveries.

  17. The Textual Basis of ScriptureWhat Text Was Used in Translation? New Testament • The traditional Greek text known as the Textus Receptus. • Critical texts making use of modern discoveries.

  18. The Textual Basis of ScriptureWhat Text Was Used in Translation? New Testament • The traditional Greek text known as the Textus Receptus. • Critical texts making use of modern discoveries.

  19. Texts From Different a Textual Basis “for the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness, righteousness and truth.” (Ephesians 5:9, NKJV) “For the fruit of the light consists in all goodness and righteousness and truth.” (Ephesians 5:9, NASB)

  20. The Hebrew Massoretic Text

  21. The Massoretes • Jewish scribes (ca. 500-1000) who followed the recognized massorah “tradition” of copying and preserving the Hebrew Old Testament text.

  22. The Massoretes • They worked in Tiberias, Babylon & Jerusalem. • Developed the system of vowel marking used in Hebrew.

  23. Hebrew Script No Vowels Markings – Through 500 AD Vowel Markings – After 500-600 AD

  24. The Massoretes • Carefully counted every letter of the text. • Made the practice of destroying damaged texts to prevent corruption of the text.

  25. The Massoretes • The Hebrew Text transmitted by them is called the Massoretic Text. • Most important family - Aaron ben Asher.

  26. Oldest Massoretic Texts Allepo Codex • Copied ca. 920 by Shlomo ben Buya’a and verified by Aaron ben Asher. Used by Maimonides. Complete until 1947 when portions were lost in fire and riots.

  27. Oldest Massoretic Texts Leningrad Codex • Copied in 1008 from Aaron ben Asher manuscripts. Oldest complete Massoretic Text. Housed in St. Petersberg in the Imperial Library.

  28. Old Testament Time Gaps 400 BC Ano Domini 400 AD 800 AD 1000 AD 1400 AD Last Book Written Allepo Codex 1300 year gap 920 AD

  29. Man Asks…Can We Be Confident That the Text of the Old Testament We Have Today Represents the Old Testament as it was Originally Written?

  30. The Providence of God “So shall My word be that goes forth from My mouth; it shall not return to Me void, but it shall accomplish what I please, and it shall prosper in the thing for which I sent it.” (Isaiah 55:11)

  31. God will not allow His word to be lost forever – His providence has played a role in the preservation of Scripture.

  32. Textus Receptus

  33. Desiderius Erasmus In 1516 Erasmus published the first critical edition of the Greek NT.

  34. Robert Stephanus In 1550 Robert Estienne (Lat. Stephanus) published a revision in Geneva of Erasmus’ text making use of more manuscripts. Stephanus’ work came to be known as the “Text received by all” or Textus Receptus.

  35. It Is Clear That… • Erasmus & Stephanus had limited access to Greek manuscripts. • Yet, the text which they published represents what is found in the majority of the extant Greek mss. • There are 5686 Greek mss of the New Testament - Norman Geisler & Peter Bocchino, Unshakeable Foundations, (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2001) p. 256.

  36. It Is Clear That… • Erasmus & Stephanus had limited access to Greek manuscripts. • Yet, the text which they published represents what is found in the majority of the extant Greek mss. • There are 5686 Greek mss of the New Testament - Norman Geisler & Peter Bocchino, Unshakeable Foundations, (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2001) p. 256.

  37. It Is Clear That… • Erasmus & Stephanus had limited access to Greek manuscripts. • Yet, the text which they published represents what is found in the majority of the extant Greek mss. • There are 5686 Greek mss of the New Testament - Norman Geisler & Peter Bocchino, Unshakeable Foundations, (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2001) p. 256.

  38. New Testament Time Gaps 100 AD 250 AD 500 AD 750 AD 1000 AD 1250 AD 1500 AD Last Book Ca. 95 Textus Receptus 1400 year gap 1516

  39. Man Asks Again…Can We Be Confident That the Text of the New Testament We Have Today Represents the New Testament as it was Originally Written?

  40. The Providence of God “And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever” (Daniel 2:44)

  41. God will not allow His word to be lost forever – His providence has played a role in the preservation of Scripture.

  42. Classification of Manuscripts The renewed appreciation for the authority of the Bible led to a zealous interest in preserving and classifying Biblical Manuscripts.

  43. Uncial Manuscripts - Older Uncials – Through 900 AD Minuscules – After 800 AD

  44. Codex Alexandrinus (A) 16 years after the KJV was published Cyril Lucar, Patriarch of Constantinople presented Charles I with a near complete Greek manuscript of the Bible believed to have come from Alexandria dating to ca. 400.

  45. Codex Vaticanus (B) Since at least 1475, in the earliest catalog of the Vatican library, there is a near complete mss of the Greek Bible believed to date to the ca. 300.

  46. Codex Bezae (D) In 1581 Theodore Beza, friend and successor to John Calvin, gave Cambridge Library a mss of the Gospels and Acts which he acquired from a monastery in Lyons dating to the 5th or 6th century.

  47. The Preservation of God’s Word “Heaven and earth will pass away, but My words will by no means pass away.” (Matthew 24:35)

  48. Codex Sinaiticus

  49. Constantin Tischendorf (1815-1874) At 19 he was already a gifted scholar of classics. At 25 he was a university lecturer. At 26 he deciphered a palimpsest (i.e.“scraped twice”) manuscript, Codex Ephraemi.

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