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Urbanisation in LEDC’s Today (Asia, Africa, and South America). As cities in Asia, Africa, and South America have expanded, they have tended to sprawl. In 1900; 10% of the world’s population lived in cities – to day the figure is 50%.
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Urbanisation in LEDC’s Today(Asia, Africa, and South America)
As cities in Asia, Africa, and South America have expanded, they have tended to sprawl. • In 1900; 10% of the world’s population lived in cities – to day the figure is 50%. • Most of the current growth is because of rural-urban migration.
Rural to Urban Migration • What is rural-urban migration • In some LEDC cities over 50% of the population may not have been born there. • Majority of growth in LEDC cities is from migration rather than natural increase. Why Move? Push Factors, Pull Factors, Restraining Factors
A Typical Migrant Young, single, adventurous male who comes to the city in search of wealth before returing to his home town or village. Some migrants stay; others return home permanently or seasonally. Chain Migration Circular Migration
Migrants • Come to the city with very few skill that would be useful in an urban environment. • Arrive with little money so must sleep in footpaths or construct temporary accommodation.
Shanty Housing • ‘Self Help Housing’ made out of scrounged materials such as corrugated iron, packing cases, cloth, and disused pastic sheeting. • 70% of all new housing in developing nations consists of shanty settlements.
Squatters • Squatters often occupy shanty settlements • Squatters will build on land that had been left vacant: • Strips along railway lines • Edges o f parklands • Steep Sloping land • Shanty settlements can been found next to expensive real estate. • Shanties can be found in all parts of the city but often located on the outskirts of the cities.
Government Assistance • Some governments realise that shanty housing is a self-help way of addressing the housing shortage. • Some administrations connect shanty housing to basic services such as electricity and sewage. • Governments have built public housing to rehome the shanty dwellers.
High rise housing in Singapore used to re-house shanty dwellers.
Population Structures • Rural-urban migration distorts the population structure of many African, Asian and South American Cities. Why?
The Struggle to Survive • Many migrants are unskilled.
Primate Cities • Many of the large cities in Africa, Asia and South America are Primate Cities. • This means that they completely dominate the urban networks of which they form a part of. • Political, economic and social focus of the city they form a part of. • A primate city has to have at least five times the population of the second largest city.
Land Use in LEDC Cities • Cities in LEDC cities grow bit by bit, growing outwards with shanty settlements on the outskirts of the city. • As time passes these shanty settlements grow into permanent buildings and a new ring of shanties develop. • In this way the wealthy elite live close to the city centre and people become progressively poorer towards the outskirts. • Bands of manufacturing are situated along the major lines of communication. • Few attempts have been made to produce models on LEDC cities.
Functional Zones in LEDC Cities • Similar to that of ‘Western Cities’ except for the congestion and competition for space are even greater. Zones: • Inner Zone • Middle Zone • Outer Zone • Industry
