Warm-up #4.4 (6.5) – Due Today

1. Warm-up #4.4 (6.5) – Due Today From which civilization do we get the principle of “innocent until proven guilty”? Pliny the Elder, Ptolemy, and Galen were all Roman __________. Rome Scientists Make sure your name is on your warmups before you turn them in.

2. Chapter 7 India and China Establish Empires

3. Section 1 – India’s First Empire

4. Mauryan Empire Beginnings • Based on the GangesRiver in EasternIndia • Chandragupta Mauryaconquered north and west until he reached the IndusRiver • Defeats the Macedonian military to control Indus Valley • Success at a cost • Huge army (600,000 soldiers, 30,000 on horse, 9,000 elephants • Required huge taxes

5. Running the Empire • Very tough policies against their own people • Spyingand assassinations • Used a bureaucracyto govern • 4 provinces, each with its own prince • Local districts • This is basically the same kind of system we use in the US

6. Rise of Ashoka (269BC) • Chandragupta handed over control to his son, who then gave it to his grandson (Ashoka) after 32 years • Will achieve their peakunder Ashoka • Tired of the violence, Ashoka wanted peace • Embraced Buddhism • Promoted religious toleration

7. Turmoil in India When Ashoka died (232 BC), the empire fell apart Regional kings begin to achieve independence Northern India begins to get an influx of foreign cultures from the West Southern India, never part of the Mauryan Empire, fought a civil war (3 Tamil kingdoms)

8. Gupta Empire • After about 500 years of chaos, Chandra Gupta unites northern India again in 320 AD • The Gupta reign signifies India’s “GoldenAge” • Under the Gupta Empire, India achieved growth in literature, art, science, and math • They will perform surgicalprocedures before everyone in the region • While most Indian families were patriachal, Tamils were often matriarchal (headed by the mother)

9. Advances in the Sciences • Trade brought new ideas • Western methods of keeping time • Calendar, weeks, days, hours • Astronomy • Knew the earth was rotates on its axis (therefor it is round) • Math • Modern numbers, zero, decimals, and pi

10. Growth in Trade • Many resources highly sought by the rest of the world • Spices • Diamonds, sapphires, gold • Pearls • Trade with Africa and Sumeria goes back to 2000BC • Relied heavily on monsoon winds to carry trade ships but also brought devastation (floods)

11. Silk Road • Came about because of the invasion of “outsiders” after the Mauryan Empire • Word spread about the Silk Roads from the Central Asians • Named the Silk Road because of the silk trade out of China • Got a lot of their wealth by acting as middlemen for trade from China to Rome.

12. Effect of Indian Trade • Increased trade led to a need for better banking. • Bankers lentmoneyto merchants in exchange for interest. Rate were based on the risk • Same as today • Indians started moving to other places and brought their culture with them • Buddhism will spread to China at this time

13. And now… • We will resume the presentations momentarily • Continue taking notes on the page you starting Wednesday • Chapter 7 Vocab Quiz (12 words) will be this Tuesday • Make sure you are completing your vocab assignments • Chapters 5, 6, and 7 • EACH vocab assignment must have 4 pictures (extra credit if all 4 are in one picture)

14. Section 3 – Han Emperors in China

15. Han Origins • Shi Huangdi’s death started the decline of the Qin Dynasty • The growing poorrebelled and the rival kingsregained control of their regions • In 202, Liu Bangdefeats the last great general and announces himself the first emperor of the HanDynasty. • Han rule will last 400 years

16. Life Under the Hans • Liu Bang re-established the centralizedgovernment that Shi Huangdi had created. • To prevent rebellion, Emperor Bang was more relaxed • Lower taxes, softer punishments • Popularuntil his death in 195 BC (7 years)

17. Empress Lu • One of Emperor Bang’s wives, she will take control • Powerful friends at court • Maintained her power by naming infants as emperors and ruling on their behalf • Lu’s family will be executed when she dies to prevent them from maintaining power

18. Wudi – 141-87 BC (54 years) • Longest running Han emperor • Nicknamed the “Martial Emperor” because of his military expansion • Conquered the Xiongnu peopled (Mongolia) • Controlled a territory about the size of China today.

19. Government Structure • Used a complex bureaucracy • High taxes • 1 month/year in the military • Built roads, canals, and irrigationsystems

20. Government Training • If you wanted to be in one of the 18levels of civil service (government employee), you had to take a test. • Tests were based on the person’s knowledge of Confucianism • Wudicreatedschools to educate applicants on Confucius • Wealthyended up with most of the positions because they could afford the education • This system lasted 2000 years!!!

21. Han Developments • Paperwas invented • Since they were using silkbefore, books were rare • Cheaperbooks allowed more people to become educated • Collar harnesses for horses allowed for much heavier loadsand led to a 2 bladed plow

22. Agriculture vs. Commerce • Because of their large population (even then), Confucianism considered farmers the most important and honored occupation • Government established a monopolyon the most important aspects of commerce • Mining salt, ironforging, coinmaking

23. Silk Most important of all the commercial products of China Because of it’s importance, the silk production techniques became the most closely guarded secret

24. Han Culture • Encouraged assimilation (forced conversion of foreign cultures) • Sent their own people abroad to influence the cultures of colonies • Encouraged “mixed” marriages • Established Confucian schools • Women were restricted to domestic duties to the family (Confucian ideals)

25. Fall of the Han • Farm land inheritances were continuously shrinking • Led to debt and eventually the selling of what little they had • Large landowners were tax-exempt, leading to higher taxes on the poor • The gap between the rich and the poor got bigger

26. Economics leads to Politics • Growing frustration of the poor and the messy politics led to chaos and revolts • In 9 AD, Wang Mang (not a Han) took control and attempted reform • Coinedmoney, created granaries, redistributed land • 11 AD, a devastatingflooddestroys food stores, leads to revolt/assassination • Hanstake power back • Same problems returnand breaks China into 3Kingdoms

27. And now… • We will resume the presentations momentarily • Continue taking notes • Chapter 7 Vocab Quiz (12 words) will be tomorrow • Begin working on your Unit 1B Study Guide • Make sure you are completing your vocab assignments • Chapters 5, 6, and 7 • EACH vocab assignment must have 4 pictures (extra credit if all 4 are in one picture)