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Formal Charge and Molecular Structure

Formal Charge and Molecular Structure. Formal Charge Rules. Assumptions: Lone pairs belong only to the atom in question. Shared electrons are divided equally between the two sharing atoms. Formal Charge Rules.

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Formal Charge and Molecular Structure

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  1. Formal Charge and Molecular Structure

  2. Formal Charge Rules • Assumptions: • Lone pairs belong only to the atom in question. • Shared electrons are divided equally between the two sharing atoms.

  3. Formal Charge Rules • Formal Charge (FC) = (# of v.e-s on a free atom) – (# of v.e-s assigned to the atom in the molecule) • V.e-s assigned to an atom = (# of lone pair electrons) + ½(# of shared electrons) • FC = (# of v.e-s on a free atom) - [(# of lone pair electrons) + ½(# of shared electrons)]

  4. Examples • P.406: 73

  5. Minimal Formal Charges • The most stable bond structure puts the smallest formal charge on each atom. • As close to zero as possible! • Any negative formal charge should reside on the most electronegative atom in the molecule. • Example: Examine Sample Exercise (p.388) • Examples: P.406: 744

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