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NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA (CHAPTER 7)

NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA (CHAPTER 7). EARLY CULTURE HEARTHS. MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM. Physical Aridity Oil Cultural Culture Hearths World Religions Conflict. MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM (cont). Population

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NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA (CHAPTER 7)

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  1. NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA (CHAPTER 7)

  2. EARLY CULTURE HEARTHS

  3. MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM • Physical • Aridity • Oil • Cultural • Culture Hearths • World Religions • Conflict

  4. MAJOR GEOGRAPHICAL QUALITIES OF THE REALM (cont) • Population • Discontinuous clusters around infrequent water sources • Regional Imbalances • Oil and Non-oil states (“haves” versus “have-nots”) • Political Geography • Fragmented due to colonial experience

  5. THE IMPACT OF OIL • HIGH INCOMES • MODERNIZATION • INDUSTRIALIZATION • REGIONAL DISPARITIES • FOREIGN INVESTMENT

  6. OIL AND NATURAL GAS RESERVES

  7. NAMING THE REALM • Popular Labels • Dry World • Arab World • Islamic World • Middle East

  8. THE DRY WORLD ? • Dry/arid climate prevails throughout the realm • Exceptions: • Peripheral regions of Turkey • Northwestern section of Iran • Oases • Several great river valleys

  9. ANNUAL PRECIPITATION

  10. E.J. PALKA NEGEV DESERT

  11. WATER - A RENEWABLE OR FINITE RESOURCE? • Water is critical for life, food production, and industrial processes. • 9 out of 14 Southwest Asian states face water-short conditions(the most concentrated region of scarcity in the world).

  12. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION • The majority of the population in this realm lives not in the dry arid regions, but around water resources. - The Nile - Mediterranean Sea - Euphrates and Tigris Basin - Lower mountain slopes of Iran, south of the Caspian Sea

  13. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

  14. AN ARAB REALM ? • Relates to language as a cultural feature of this realm • Arabic is the dominant language in the realm. • In Non-Arab States, indigenous languages dominate. - Turkey - Turkish - Iran - Farsi - Israel - Hebrew

  15. Turks Azerbijianis Kurds Arabs Persians Bakhtiari Lur

  16. ISLAMIC REALM? • Muhammad (571- 632 AD) • Five Pillars Of Faith • Belief in one God • Five daily prayers • Generous alms • Fasting during Ramadan • Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) • Sunnis vs Shi’ites

  17. E.J. PALKA DOME OF THE ROCK

  18. E.J. PALKA THE WESTERN WALL

  19. E.J. PALKA CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY

  20. E.J. PALKA INSIDE THE CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY

  21. THE STAGE FOR ISLAM

  22. SPATIAL DIFFUSION • The process by which a concept, practice, or substance spreads from its point of origin to new territories • Types: relocation, contagious and hierarchical diffusion.

  23. RELOCATION DIFFUSION • The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population.

  24. CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION • The spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person • Analogous to the communication of a contagious disease

  25. HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION • A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by “trickling down” from larger to smaller adopting units. • An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wider areas, with geographic distance a less important factor. E.g. Paris, London, New York get information before the smaller towns in those same countries.

  26. REGIONS OF THE REALM

  27. EGYPT AND THE LOWER NILE BASIN • CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION > 5,000 YEARS • 95% OF EGYPT’S 76.4 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE WITHIN 12 MILES (20 KMS) OF THE NILE • BASIN IRRIGATION • PERENNIAL IRRIGATION - MID 1800s • ASWAN HIGH DAM - 1968 • INCREASED AGRICULTURAL LAND BY 50% • PROVIDES 40% OF ELECTRICITY

  28. EGYPT • STRATEGIC SITUATION • CAIRO

  29. THE MAGHREB AND ITS NEIGHBORS

  30. MIDDLE EAST

  31. THE MIDDLE EAST • “MIDDLE” OF THE ISLAMIC REALM • IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN, ISRAEL, LEBANON • PROCLAMATION OF ISRAEL AS A STATE (14th May, 1948) • CENTER OF CONFLICT BETWEEN CHRISTIANS, JEWS, AND MUSLIMS • SUNNI - SHI’ITE CONFLICT (WITHIN IRAQ AND THROUGHOUT THE REGION) • A FUTURE KURDISTAN? – a Stateless Nation.

  32. ARABIAN PENINSULA

  33. ARABIAN PENINSULA • SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT, BAHRAIN, QATAR, UAE, OMAN, YEMEM • OIL, DESERT, AND STRATEGIC LOCATION • SAUDI ARABIA- 26.6 MILLION PEOPLE WITH THE WORLD’S GREATEST OIL RESERVES

  34. THE EMPIRE STATES

  35. TURKEY • WESTERNIZATION • ISLAM LOST OFFICIAL STATUS • ROMAN ALPHABET REPLACED ARABIC • ISLAMIC LAW REPLACED BY WESTERN CODE • MONOGAMY BECAME LAW • WOMEN GAINED RIGHTS • TURKEY SEPARATED FROM ARAB WORLD • KURDISH POPULATION • 14 MILLION- 1/5 OF TURKEY’S 73.3 MILLION

  36. IRAN • A COUNTRY OF MOUNTAINS AND DESERTS • POPULATION OF 67 MILLION • 66% URBANIZED • OIL RESERVES

  37. 5 STATES OF THE FORMER USSR • KAZAKHSTAN • UZBEKISTAN • TURKMENISTAN • KYRGYZSTAN • TAJIKISTAN

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