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The 1960’s. A Time of War, Protest, & Change. The Movements. The Civil Rights Movement Later, the Black Power Movement The Antiwar Movement The Women’s Movement The Environmental Movement. Timeline of the Sixties. 1960 Eisenhower is the current U.S. president
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The 1960’s A Time of War, Protest, & Change
The Movements • The Civil Rights Movement • Later, the Black Power Movement • The Antiwar Movement • The Women’s Movement • The Environmental Movement
Timeline of the Sixties • 1960 • Eisenhower is the current U.S. president • John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon take part in the first televised debate • Democrats Kennedy & Johnson defeat Republicans Nixon & Lodge in the presidential election • Student sit-in protests spread throughout the South (Civil Rights Movement)
The First Televised Debate • Clip from the 1st 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon. Held on September 26, 1960, it was the first presidential debate between two opposing political parties as well as the first one to be televised. Television audiences thought Kennedy won the debate by a landslide, while radio audiences thought Nixon won it by a landslide. Nixon appeared emaciated, unhealthy, and awkward, while Kennedy appeared handsome, tanned and confident.
Timeline of the Sixties • 1961 • The U.S. breaks off diplomatic relations with Cuba • Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human being to orbit the earth • The Bay of Pigs Invasion fails • The Freedom Riders begin their trip to confront segregation • The Berlin Wall is built
Timeline of the Sixties • 1962 • Astronaut John Glenn orbits the earth • Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring is published, warning of the dangers of DDT • James Meredith becomes the first black to enroll at the University of Mississippi, forcing the Kennedy Administration to send U.S. marshals and troops to protect him • The twist becomes a dancing rage • Bob Dylan’s first published song appears • Cold War tensions come to a boil during the Cuban Missile Crisis
Blowin’ in the Wind by Bob Dylan How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man? Yes, 'n' how many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand? Yes, 'n' how many times must the cannon balls fly Before they're forever banned? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, The answer is blowin' in the wind. How many years can a mountain exist Before it's washed to the sea? Yes, 'n' how many years can some people exist Before they're allowed to be free? Yes, 'n' how many times can a man turn his head, Pretending he just doesn't see? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, The answer is blowin' in the wind. How many times must a man look up Before he can see the sky? Yes, 'n' how many ears must one man have Before he can hear people cry? Yes, 'n' how many deaths will it take till he knows That too many people have died? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind, The answer is blowin' in the wind.
Cuban Missile Crisis • President Kennedy addresses the nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis
Timeline of the Sixties • 1963 • Kennedy introduces the most extensive civil rights bill since Reconstruction • Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique is published • The first of several Buddhist monks immolates himself in South Vietnam to protest religious persecution • Civil Rights leader Medgar Evers is murdered • The U.S., Soviet Union, and Great Britain sign a test ban treaty halting all above-ground nuclear testing • The March on Washington occurs, culminating wit Martin Luther King, Jr’s famous “I have a dream” speech • 80,000 black Mississippians vote in “Freedom Ballot” • South Vietnamese President Ngo Ding Diem is murdered • President Kennedy is assassinated; Lyndon Johnson becomes President • Lee Harvey Oswald, the man accused of assassinating JFK, is murdered by Jack Ruby
Johnson is sworn into Office • http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1963/Lyndon-B.-Johnson-Sworn-in/12386108698633-4/
Timeline of the Sixties • 1964 • The Beatles’ “I Want to Hold Your Hand” becomes #1 song and the group makes its U.S. TV debut on the Ed Sullivan show • The Autobiography of Malcolm X is published • Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law • Barry Goldwater becomes Republican nominee for president • Major riots occur in Harlem, NY • Mississippi Freedom Summer Project begins • Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing “all necessary measures” to “prevent further aggression” by North Vietnam • Congress passes the Equal Opportunity Act as part of his War on Poverty Program • MLK wins the Nobel Peace Prize • Lyndon Johnson wins a landslide election
I Want to Hold Your Hand by The Beatles Oh yeah, I'll tell you something, I think you'll understand. When I'll say that something I want to hold your hand, I want to hold your hand, I want to hold your hand. Oh please, say to me You'll let me be your man And please, say to me You'll let me hold your hand. Now let me hold your hand, I want to hold your hand. And when I touch you I feel happy inside. It's such a feeling that my love I can't hide, I can't hide, I can't hide. Yeah, you've got that something, I think you'll understand. When I'll say that something I want to hold your hand, I want to hold your hand, I want to hold your hand. And when I touch you I feel happy inside. It's such a feeling that my love I can't hide, I can't hide, I can't hide. Yeh, you've got that something, I think you'll understand. When I'll feel that something I want to hold your hand, I want to hold your hand, I want to hold your hand.
Timeline of the Sixties • 1965 • Malcolm X is assassinated • Johnson orders bombing raids on North Vietnam • On “Bloody Sunday,” Alabama state police storm civil rights marchers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma • Johnson sends the first U.S. infantry troops, the 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade, to Vietnam • U.S. marines are sent to the Dominican Republic to help the military regime repel the return of reformist Juan Bosch to power • 20,000 attend a rally in Washington, DC against the Vietnam War • Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law • Major black riot erupts in the Watts section of LA • Nguyen Cao Ky is appointed premier of South Vietnam • The Rolling Stones’ song “Satisfaction” reaches #1 • Bob Dylan “goes electric” at the Newport Folk Festival
Timeline of the Sixties • 1965 Continued… • The largest draft call since the Korean War is issued • 1st draft card is burned at a NY protest; Congress responds by passing a law making draft-card burning a crime • The Vietnam Day Committee organizes the 1st International Days of Protest against the war; more than 100,000 protest in over 40 states • A halt in the bombing of North Vietnam is ordered for Christmas
Timeline of the Sixties • 1966 • The bombing of North Vietnam resumes as “peace efforts” fail • Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman J. Williams Fulbright opens hearings on the Vietnam War • 50,000 attend the 2nd International Day of Protest in NYC; nationwide participation doubles • Black riots erupt in Cleveland, Brooklyn, and Chicago • 20,000 march down NYC’s 5th Ave in antiwar protest • National Organization of Women (NOW) is established • MLK leads an antidiscrimination march in Chicago and is stoned by the hostile crowd • Black Panther Party is founded in Oakland, CA
Timeline of the Sixties • 1966 Continued… • Striking CA farm workers march 250 miles to Sacramento • A sit-in takes place at the Dow Chemical Company, manufacturer of napalm and Agent Orange • Ronald Reagan is elected governor of CA • The U.S. troop level in Vietnam reaches 320,000
Timeline of the Sixties • 1967 • Over 100,000 attend an antiwar demonstration in NYC organized by the Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam; MLK and others condemn the war, while over 70 students burn their draft cards in Central Park • 65,000 march in a similar demonstration in San Francisco • Muhammed Ali is stripped of his heavyweight boxing crown for resisting the draft • The “Summer of Love” attracts many young people to San Francisco; Scott McKenzie’s song “San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)” becomes a hit • The Monterey Pop Festival takes place
Timeline of the Sixties • 1967 Continued… • The “long hot summer” begins with a black riot in Boston’s Roxbury section. Massive riots in Newark and Detroit leave many dead and millions of dollars of damage • The Beatles “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Heart Club Band” becomes hit album • Che Guevara is killed in Bolivia • American troop levels in Vietnam reach 460,000; U.S. deaths in Vietnam total 13,000 • Over 100,000 attend the March on the Pentagon in Washington, DC • Vietnam Veterans Against the War form • The movie The Graduate is released
San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair If you're going to San Francisco Be sure to wear some flowers in your hair If you're going to San Francisco You're gonna meet some gentle people there For those who come to San Francisco Summertime will be a love-in there In the streets of San Francisco Gentle people with flowers in their hair All across the nation such a strange vibration People in motion There's a whole generation with a new explanation People in motion people in motion For those who come to San Francisco Be sure to wear some flowers in your hair If you come to San Francisco Summertime will be a love-in there If you come to San Francisco Summertime will be a love-in there
Timeline of the Sixties • 1968 • U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo is captured off North Korea • Johnson calls up 14,787 Air Force and Navy reservists • The massive Vietcong Tet Offensive begins • Eugene McCarthy stuns by finishing a close second to Johnson in the New Hampshire primary • Robert Kennedy announces his candidacy for president • Johnson reveals he will not run for a second term as president • MLK is assassinated • 100,000 march in NYC • Hubert Humphrey announces his candidacy for president
Timeline of the Sixties • 1968 Continued… • The Poor People’s Campaign establishes Resurrection City in Washington, DC • The Vietnam War peace talks open in Paris • Robert Kennedy is assassinated at the end of a successful CA primary campaign • Vietnam War becomes longest war in U.S. history • Richard Nixon and Spiro Agnew gain the Republican nomination • The Democratic presidential convention in Chicago nominates Hubert Humphrey amidst massive demonstrations organized by antiwar groups and the Youth International party (Yippies); street disorders and police brutality ensue while demonstrators chant “the whole world is watching.” • Women’s liberation activists picket the Miss America pageant • G.I.’s and vets hold a peace march in San Francisco • Richard Nixon is elected president by a close margin
Timeline of the Sixties • 1969 • American troop levels in Vietnam reach a peak of 542,000 • 10,000 march against the tide on Pennsylvania Ave during a “Counterinaugural” protest • Easy Rider is released • President Nixon authorizes the development of an anti-ballistic missile system against the prevailing advice of scientists • A Gallup poll shows 58% of Americans oppose the Vietnam War • Neil Armstong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the moon • Woodstock rock concerts occur
Timeline of the Sixties • 1969 Continued… • The Vietnam Moratorium Day is observed by millions of Americans in thousands of cities, towns, and campuses across the country • The New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam organizes the March Against Death in Washington; about 500,000 protestors attend week-long demonstrations • The first draft lottery of the decade is held • A young black youth is killed by Hell’s Angels during a Rolling Stones concert at Altamont • The Charles Manson gang kills in LA
Woodstock Acts • Joan Baez • Arlo Guthrie • Tim Hardin • Incredible String Band • Ravi Shankar • Richie Havens • Sly and the Family Stone • Bert Sommer • Sweetwater • Quill • Canned Heat • Creedence Clearwater Revival • Jefferson Airplane • The Who • Grateful Dead • Keef Hartley Band • Blood, Sweat and Tears • Crosby, Stills & Nash (&Young) • Santana • The Band • Ten Years After • Johnny Winter • JimiHendrix • Janis Joplin • Joe Cocker • Mountain • Melanie • Sha-Na-Na • John Sebastian • Country Joe and the Fish • Paul Butterfield • Blues Band
Timeline of the Sixties • 1970 • A University of Wisconsin Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) building is fire-bombed, beginning a wave of some 500 bombings or arsons on college campuses • 3 are killed when a Greenwich Village townhouse is destroyed by bomb being constructed by the Weatherman • The 1st Earth Day is held with environmental celebrations nationwide • 75,000 rally against the war on Boston Common • The Shea-Wells Bill passes the Massachusetts legislature, enabling Massachusetts men to refuse combat duty in the absence of a declaration of war
Timeline of the Sixties • 1970 Continued… • Nixon announces the “incursion” of U.S. combat troops into Cambodia; an average of 20 campuses initiate strikes each days after Nixon’s announcement • Four students are killed by the National Guard at a Kent State University protest • 2 black students are killed and 9 wounded by police gunfire at Jackson State College in Mississippi • 30 ROTC buildings are burned or bombed during the 1st week in May • 100,000 in Washington, DC protest the invasion of Cambodia
Timeline of the Sixties • 1970 Continued… • Striking students converge on the Capitol to lobby for passage of the Cooper-Church and Hatfield-McGovern amendments to cut off funding for the Cambodian invasion and all Southeast Asian operations • U.S. troops withdraw from Cambodia • 25,000 attend the National Chicano Moratorium antiwar demonstration in LA • The Army Mathematics Research Center, an object of antiwar protests at the University of Wisconsin, is blown up during the nights, killing a graduate student • Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin die of drug overdoses
The Vietnam War • Important Vocabulary to Know: • Viet Cong: • Ho Chi Minh: • Ngo Dinh Diem • Nguyen Van Thieu • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Tet Offensive
