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Improved Landing Radio Altimeter for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on an Antenna Array

Improved Landing Radio Altimeter for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on an Antenna Array. Ronaldo S. Ferreira Júnior, Marco A. M. Marinho, Kefei Liu, João Paulo C. Lustosa da Costa, Arthur V. Amaral , and Hing Cheung So University of Brasília ( UnB )

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Improved Landing Radio Altimeter for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on an Antenna Array

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  1. Improved Landing Radio Altimeter for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on an Antenna Array Ronaldo S. Ferreira Júnior, Marco A. M. Marinho, Kefei Liu, João Paulo C. Lustosa da Costa, Arthur V. Amaral , andHingCheungSo University of Brasília (UnB) Department of Electrical Engineering (ENE) Laboratory of Array Signal Processing PO Box 4386 Zip Code 70.919-970, Brasília - DF

  2. Outline • Motivation • Traditional radio altimeter • Antenna array based radio altimeter • Simulation results • Conclusions

  3. Outline • Motivation • Traditional radio altimeter • Antenna array based radio altimeter • Simulation results • Conclusions

  4. Motivation (1) • Applications • Landing and approaching of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles • Detect dangerous obstacles • Manned operations where life can be put in risk • Drawback • Only the main power component reflected component • Multipath components are not taken into account • Antenna array based Radio Altimeter • The multipath components are estimated. • The ground can be mapped.

  5. Motivation (2) • Example with 3 MPCs Which one is detected?

  6. Motivation (3) • By detecting only the red component: • A crash is prevented. • How to detect all multipath components? • By detecting the Direction of Arrival (DoA) and the Time Delay of Arrival (TDoA) of the MPCs

  7. Motivation (4) • Solution for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation • Another candidate solution: Rotating antenna • Advantage • DOA detection according to the antenna position • Drawback: • Heavy weighted, large sized and slow scanning • Proposed solution: Antenna arrays • Advantages: • Compact, power saving and light weighted • Drawback: • Complex software and complex hardware

  8. Outline • Motivation • Traditional radio altimeter • Antenna array based radio altimeter • Simulation results • Conclusions

  9. Traditional Radio Altimeter (1) • General information • Frequency Modulated–Continuous Wave (FM-CW) radio altimeter • Uses saw-tooth or triangle wave as the modulating signal • Altitude-to-frequency conversion • the time-delayed wave mixed with the transmitted wave • Not possible to distinguish the MPCs

  10. Traditional Radio Altimeter (2) • Simplified block diagram of a traditional radio altimeter for UAVs

  11. Outline • Motivation • Traditional radio altimeter • Antenna array based radio altimeter • Simulation results • Conclusions

  12. Antenna Array based Radio Altimeter (1) • Simplified block diagram of an antenna array based radio altimeter

  13. Antenna Array based Radio Altimeter (2) • Candidate solutions for the signal processing block • MUSIC • High-resolution  • More computational effort  • ESPRIT • Closed-form solution  • Worse resolution than MUSIC  • Array with shift invariance structure 

  14. The model order d can be estimated based on [1]. We consider it as known. [1]: J. P. C. L. da Costa, A. Thakre, F. Roemer, and M. Haardt, “Comparison of model order selection techniques for high-resolution parameter estimation algorithms”, in. Proc. 54th International Scientific Colloquium (IWK), Ilmenau, Germany, Sept. 2009. Antenna Array based Radio Altimeter (3) • Matrix data model

  15. Antenna Array based Radio Altimeter (4) • Selection matrices and • To estimate the spatial frequencies (ESPRIT)

  16. Antenna Array based Radio Altimeter (5) • Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotation Invariance Techniques • ESPRIT • The steering matrix A and the first d eigenvectors U of the covariance matrix generate the same subspace • Note that Us is related to the low-rank approximation. • Spatial frequencies

  17. Outline • Motivation • Traditional radio altimeter • Antenna array based radio altimeter • Simulation results • Conclusions

  18. Simulation Results (1)

  19. Simulation Results (2)

  20. Simulation Results (3)

  21. Outline • Motivation • Traditional radio altimeter • Antenna array based radio altimeter • Simulation results • Conclusions

  22. Conclusions • The antenna array based radio altimeter • Ground mapping and imaging • Ground inclination and obstacle detection • Electronic receiving lobe sweep • Light weight and small sized compared to a mechanical scanning radar

  23. Thank you for your attention! Prof. Dr.-Ing. João Paulo C. Lustosa da Costa University of Brasília (UnB) Department of Electrical Engineering (ENE) Laboratory of Array Signal Processing PO Box 4386 Zip Code 70.919-970, Brasília – DF E-mail: joaopaulo.dacosta@ene.unb.br

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