Unit 12 L1 Russian Revolution

1. Unit 12 L1 Russian Revolution GS 5.2, 5.3, 5.5

2. Warm-up Explain how Marxism is different from Lenin’s version of communism.

3. Czars resisted change throughout Romanov rule. Nicholas II (1894-1917) Positives • Modernization of Russia- industrializes • Major producer of steel • The Trans-Siberian Railway was built connecting Western Russia to Eastern Russia. Negatives • Rapid industrialization brought harsh working conditions, low wages, and child labor. • Several revolutionary movements developed • The radical revolutionaries were known as the Bolsheviks and were led by Vladimir Lenin.

4. Nicholas II’s Problems: Last Days • Problems at home for Nicholas II • Russo-Japanese War: Russia was defeated by Japan. Russian people couldn’t understand how this could have happened. • Bloody Sunday Revolution: workers petition Nicholas at his palace…soldiers fire on crowd…over 200 killed. • Gregori Rasputin • World War I: Final problem that ended his reign, people are tired of shortages and deaths. • March Revolution: Ended the autocracy, ended Russian involvement in World War I, and Nicholas stepped down. • November 1917: Czar Nicholas and his family are executed by Bolshevik revolutionaries.

5. Nicholas II’s Problems: Rasputin • To add to his problems, his son suffered from hemophilia, which no one could do anything for except for the mysterious holy man named Rasputin. Rasputin Killed by Russian nobles in 1916

6. Vladimir Lenin Lenin 1. Returns from exile in Germany and leads the Bolshevik revolution. 2. He gains control of many soviets (local councils) in various cities. 3. Lenin redistributed farmland Reasons for Civil War – • Execution of Czar and family • Terms of surrender to Germany The Russian Civil War (1918-1921) • Bolshevik Red Army against the White Czarist Army. • Around 14 million Russians die from the civil war and famine that followed.

7. The Red Army defeated all opponents and Lenin was able to restore order. Lenin ‘s New Economic Policy (NEP) • Limited Capitalism = some private land ownership • Redistributed Land USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) • Why? Bolshevik leaders work to control nationalism by forming Russia into several governing republics • Re-named from Bolsheviks to the Communist Party. • By 1928, Stalin was in total command of the Communist Party.

8. Joseph Stalin (1928-1953)

10. Joseph Stalin and Totalitarianism • Totalitarianismis when the government takes total state control over every aspect of public and private life. • Propaganda presents one sided information that promotes a specific cause, and the programs of the dictator. • Indoctrination-instruction in a government’s beliefs- is also used, especially in the education system.

11. Secret Police Methods (GPU to KGB) • Methods Used: 1. Censorship of the press 2. Terror 3. No free speech or assembly 4. Work Camps • Religious Persecution: • Stalin wanted to replace religious teachings with ideals of communism. • Churches and synagogues were destroyed by the secret police. • Several anti-Semitic POGROMS

12. Purges: • Kulak Purge: His plan was to eliminate privately owned farms in the Ukraine. • His secret police, GPU, and the Soviet army surrounded the border of the Ukraine. • No food or supplies were allowed into the region from early 1932 until the end of 1933. • The region became a gigantic concentration camp with over 7 million people dying. • Great Purge (1934) “Stalin’s Genocides”

13. Stalin’s Command Economy Five-Year Plan: • His plan was rigid and hard on the Russian population. • In exchange for economic gain people suffered due to shortages in housing, food, clothing and other necessary goods. Collective Farms: • The government seized over 25 million privately owned farms • Combined them with government owned farms into collective farms • families were required to produce food for the state. • Many farmers protested this burning crops and killing livestock. State Farms Filonov: The Collective Farm Worker