Pageant 1960- Current Review

1. Pageant 1960-Current Review

2. John F. Kennedy • Tried to stimulate the economy through a tax cut • Wavered on Civil Rights due to his narrow election victory • Assassinated in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald

3. Charles de Gaulle • Attempted to develop an independent French nuclear force

4. Earl Warren • Miranda v. Arizona stated the accused must be informed of right to lawyer and right not to testify against self • Abington v. Schempp banned bible reading and other religious exercises in public schools

5. Flexible Response • Called for a variety of military options • A departure from Massive Retaliation

6. Bay of Pigs Invasion • American supported attempt to overthrow Castro • Planned under Eisenhower, launched under JFK

7. Cuban Missile Crisis • Soviet missiles were being placed in Cuba • U.S. established a quarantine of Cuba • Khrushchev backed down • U.S. promised not to invade Cuba

8. 1963 March on Washington • Peaceful march- MLK Jr’s “I Have a Dream” speech • Demonstrated support for a civil rights bill to end segregation

9. Vietnam • Had been occupied by France • Divided in 1954 • U.S wanted to prevent Diem’s regime from falling to communist

10. Alliance for Progress • Attempt to improve economic growth and democratic reforms in Latin America

11. The Area Redevelopment Act • dealt with poverty in America

12. Peace Corps • Project to send Americans overseas to help with educational, health and development programs for less developed world

13. Great Society • LBJ’s domestic plan • 4 Parts- • Healthcare Reform • Immigration Reform • Educational Reform • War on Poverty

14. Head Start • The Great Society program that helped with education for pre-school children

15. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Congress granted the president unlimited power to use force in Vietnam • U.S. never declares war

16. Immigration and Neutrality Act of 1965 • Sources of immigration shifted to Latin America and Asia

17. Watts Riots- 1965 • Symbolized a more militant and confrontational aspect of civil rights movement

18. Tet Offensive • Militarily a failure but a political victory for communist forces • Shook U.S. confidence in LBJ’s handling of the war

19. Martin Luther King Jr. • Assassinated in Memphis • James Earl Ray was convicted of the assassination • Rioting occurred throughout the U.S.

20. Robert F. Kennedy • JFK’s Attorney General • Runs in 1968 as an anti-war candidate • Killed after winning the California primary

21. Hubert Humphrey • Runs as the Democratic candidate • LBJ’s VP • Supports continuing the war

22. 1968 Democratic Convention • Violent conflict between police and antiwar protestors in the streets

23. 1968 Election • Nixon ran as a law and order candidate • People rejected the liberalism of the decade

24. Neil Armstrong • First man to walk on the moon. • Played golf on the moon.

25. New Federalism • Nixon called for a new partnership between the federal and state governments • He did this by appointing more responsibilities to states for the well-being of citizens

26. Inflation of 1970s • Result of military and social spending in the 1960s

27. Begins May 1969- South Vietnamese Army’s role increases U.S. Military’s role decreases Vietnamization We are tired of carrying most of the load for the South Vietnamese!

28. Pentagon Papers • Exposed the deception that led the US into the war

29. Nixon Doctrine • US would honor defense commitments, but less likely to send in large amounts of ground troops

30. Henry Kissinger • Nixon’s chief foreign policy adviser • Negotiates the U.S. pullout from Vietnam • He admired realpolitik – a policy to make decisions based on maintaining own strength rather than following moral principles

31. Detente • Relaxed tensions between the US/Soviets/China

32. Southern Strategy • Going slow on civil rights and opposing school busing

33. 1972 Election • Nixon easily defeats George McGovern

34. 1973 War Powers Act • Passed during the Vietnam War, and Watergate. • Gave a basis of how U.S. troops could enter a war abroad. • It prescribes procedures on consulting, reporting and terminating deployment of U.S. armed forces. • Limited the President's ability to send US troops into combat

35. In 1973, Israel and the Arab nations of Egypt and Syria went to war Arab members of OPEC imposed a ban on the shipping of oil to the U.S. because they sided with Israel Oil Embargo

36. Early 1970s Oil Crisis • U.S. oil production declined • OPEC imposed an embargo on U.S. • Used natural gas, meaning less oil concocted • Oil prices rose • Population in America increased • U.S. was very dependent on other country’s oil

37. CREEP • Committee to re-elect the president through legal and illegal methods • Nixon’s funding organization • Actively involved in the Watergate scandal

38. Executive Privilege • Nixon used this concept as reason not to turn over taped conversation to the special prosecutor and Congress

39. Nixon’s Resignation • Congress had begun the process to determine if they should impeach Nixon because of the Watergate. • Nixon resigned before being impeached

40. Saigon • 1975 South Vietnam falls to Communist forces • U.S. does not help the South

41. Equal Rights Amendment • Antifeminist movement stirred sufficient opposition

42. Milliken v Bradley • Integration did not have to cross school district borders • Reinforced division between poorer, urban schools and nearly all white suburbs

43. Gerald Ford • Chosen to replace Agnew • Pardoned Nixon- very controversial

44. Salt I • First Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty- between US and SU • 5 year agreement that froze number of missiles made

45. Helsinki Accords • President Ford signed the Helsinki accords • It is a series of agreements of European security made at a 1975 summit meeting in Finland. • U.S, Canada, S.U, 30 other European countries pledged to cooperate economically, respect existing national boundaries and promote existing human rights.

46. Carter’s Foreign Policy • Support for human rights • Relations with the Soviet Union • Solutions to problems in Middle East

47. Camp David • Agreements between Egypt and Israel • Carter most spectacular foreign policy achievement

48. Iran Hostage Crisis • Revolution that broke out in Iran on January 1979. • Led by Muslim fundamentalists • For 444 days, revolutionaries imprisoned 52 American hostages in different locations. • Prisoners were blindfolded and moved from place to place. • Attempted rescue mission ended in failure

49. 1980s Neoconservatives • Free Market Capitalism • Traditional values of individualism and family • Less government involvement with economy • Strengthening the white working class

50. Ronald Reagan • Former actor- viewed as a Washington outsider • Viewed big government as the foe of the common man • Viewed the Soviet Union as “the focus of evil in the modern world”