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Biomedical Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy

Biomedical Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy. Dr James R Smith School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of Portsmouth. Content. What is Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) ? Principles of SPM How does it differ from SEM/TEM ? SPM Facilities at Portsmouth

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Biomedical Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy

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  1. Biomedical Applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy Dr James R Smith School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of Portsmouth

  2. Content • What is Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) ? • Principles of SPM • How does it differ from SEM/TEM ? • SPM Facilities at Portsmouth • Selected Case Studies • Summary • Questions

  3. What is SPM ? • SPM is a revolutionary technique which allows: • 3-D imaging • nanometre or micrometre scale • imaging in a variety of environments • with minimal sample preparation

  4. SPM Techniques • SPM is a generic name for a number of related ‘probe’ techniques: • Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) • others, such as Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM), Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM)

  5. Historical Background • Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) was first reported in 1982 by Binnig et al. • Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) first appeared in 1986 • Commercial SPM instruments capable of STM and AFM operation available in 1992

  6. Principles of AFM

  7. Advantages of SPM over TEM and SEM • Nanometre/atomic resolution • Accurate height measurements to within 1 angstrom • Three-dimensional representation of images • Does not require UHV • Ability to perform studies in aqueous environments • Manipulation of surfaces on sub-nanometre scale

  8. Other Information from SPM • Surface roughness • Surface area • Hardness/softness • Elasticity • Adhesion • Friction

  9. Nanoindentation of Bacterial Cells

  10. SPM Facilities at Portsmouth TopoMetrix Discoverer TMX2000 Modular SPM

  11. Biomedical Applications of SPM at Portsmouth • Surface metrication of hip prostheses • Contact lens manufacture and fouling • Hair structure and disease • Biocide action • Polymer binding to human cells • Surface roughness of skin • RNA/DNA secondary structure • anti-cancer drug design

  12. Biodeterioration and Control Biofilm contamination on an intraocular lens Action of a biocide on E. coli

  13. Surface Metrication of Hip Prostheses

  14. Soft Contact Lens Manufacture Polypropylene injection mould Pigment distribution on atinted soft contact lens (above) and surface roughness (left)

  15. Human Hair Surface roughness/line profile A=‘A’-layer, B=exocuticle, C=endocuticle (above) Same hair sample imaged under water showing swelling (right)

  16. Summary • Nanometre/atomic resolution • Accurate height measurements to within 1 angstrom • Three-dimensional representation of images • Does not require UHV • Ability to perform studies in aqueous environments • Minimal sample preparation • Minimal damage to sample • Manipulation of surfaces on sub-nanometre scale

  17. Acknowledgements • Dr S A Campbell - Portsmouth • Prof F C Walsh - Portsmouth • Dr B F Shahgaldi - St Thomas’ Hospital, London • Dr J A Swift - Unilever/De Montfort University • Dr A Gough - Alberto-Culver Company (UK) Ltd • Dr D H Morton - Clinic For Special Children, Philadelphia • Staff and students at Portsmouth

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