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Comparative Foreign Policy. Explaining National Doctrines. I. Organizing Foreign Policy: Ends and Means. Ends: Goals of Foreign Policies Keep Leaders in Power (the only end?) General Public Goods: Prosperity, Defense, Autonomy
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Comparative Foreign Policy Explaining National Doctrines
I. Organizing Foreign Policy: Ends and Means • Ends: Goals of Foreign Policies • Keep Leaders in Power (the only end?) • General Public Goods: Prosperity, Defense, Autonomy • Specific National Goals: Environmental Stability, Cultural Unity, etc.
B. How do Foreign Policy Goals Differ? • US: Presidential Popularity, Prosperity, Defend Territory and Allies, Autonomy, Regional Hegemony, Global Hegemony (?) • France: Party Popularity, Prosperity, Defend Territory and Sphere of Influence, Autonomy • China: Party Control, Prosperity, Defend (Extended) Territory, Autonomy • Switzerland: Party Popularity, Prosperity, Defend Territory, Autonomy • Sweden: Party Popularity, Prosperity, Defend Territory, Autonomy
C. Conclusion: Ends Are Similar, with a few exceptions • “Extended” Territory vs. Regional Hegemony vs. Spheres of Influence vs. Alliance Networks • Global Leadership or Hegemony?
D. Means: Policies to Achieve Ends • Popularity/Control: Selectorate Theory… • Prosperity: Development Theory and Rogowski’s Commerce and Coalitions • Autonomy vs. Security • Small states must restrict foreign policy (alliances or non-alignment) for security • Large states can have both: real division is between status quo power(s) and challengers
II. Do “Rational” Calculations Explain National Doctrines? • US • Promote international institutions -- but do not delegate authority to them • Free trade in services and high-tech manufacturing; restrictions on trade in agriculture and light manufacturing • Containment vs. large powers and intervention vs. small hostile ones
B. What about the others? • Discuss: France, China, Switzerland, Sweden