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Decision – Why Europeans came Situation – What was interaction between races like?. Flax Timber Whales Seals Sex Souls Problems – Boyd, Elizabeth, 1831 petition. 12 June 1772: Death of Marion du Fresne.
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Decision – Why Europeans cameSituation – What was interaction between races like? • Flax • Timber • Whales • Seals • Sex • Souls • Problems – Boyd, Elizabeth, 1831 petition
Sealers, c.1833. The seabirds are a welcome addition to a diet consisting mainly of … seal meat.
A ‘Pakeha-Maori’ who helped bridge the gap between the two worlds of Pakeha and Maori. .
Christianity – Why did Maori adopt it? • War weariness (Binney) • Improved methods (Owens) • Maori missionaries • Education – 1815 first school • Literacy • Disease – 50% by 1840 • Synthesis
Reverend Samuel Marsden. He was Prison Chaplain at Port Jackson (Sydney) and was responsible for establishing the first mission station in New Zealand in 1814. (His first attempt in 1809 was put on hold due to the “Boyd Massacre”) .
Jean Baptiste François Pompallier, Catholic Bishop in NZ from 1838
As missionary mana grew, they were able to more successfully intervene in, and sometimes settle, inter-hapu disputes.
Consequences of contact • Fatal Impact vs acculturation • Death (disease and muskets) • Economy – subsistence to market • Literacy/Christianity • Lifestyles – adaption/adoption of European goods and habits
Mock combat between traditionally armed Te Anewa and Wharepapa
This was the scene of a climactic battle between musket-armed Nga Puhi and traditionally-armed Ngati Whatua. Ngati Whatua held off the first attack but were decimated when Nga Puhi attacked their fortified pa, into which that had retreated seeking sanctuary.
Reasons for Signing • British • Lawlessness • Alarmist reports • Incidents – Boyd 1809, Harriet/Alligator 1834 • Haphazard settlement 1837 • Wakefield • Tory sailed May 1839 • Foreign Countries • de Thierry 1835 • Investments • London/NSW capitalists wanted resources, esp. whaling • Superior culture/ Myths of Empire • Humanitarian • Elizabeth 1834 • 1837 report
Historiography • Reluctant pull then inevitability - Belich 1996 • Protection – Adams 1977 • NZ Company – Harrop 1928 • Humanitarian – Sinclair 1959
Reasons for Signing • Maori • Lawlessness • Opportunities • Transaction • Covenant • Rangatiratanga • Inter-hapu rivalry • British power • 1840 NZ Maori – 2000 European/80 000 Maori • Belich – intentional mis-translation but consent must have been given • Orange – idea of power sharing • Walker - Deception
Immediate results of the Treaty • Questions over • Resource control • 1841 Kauri felling banned • Law – whose? • 1842 - Maketu • Customs duties • Land • Wasteland, surplus land