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Source: U.S. Department of Energy , (2005)

Oil Shale Resources. Estimated total world resources of oil shale are more than 40 0 billion tons (Source: U.S. Geological Survey). Source: U.S. Department of Energy , (2005). Comparison of fuels (as received): Coal Heavy Oi l Oil Shale Moisture,% Ash, %

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Source: U.S. Department of Energy , (2005)

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  1. Oil Shale Resources Estimated total world resourcesof oil shale are more than 400 billion tons (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Source: U.S. Department of Energy , (2005)

  2. Comparison of fuels (as received): Coal Heavy Oil Oil Shale Moisture,% Ash, % Sulfur, % Heat value, MJ/kg 5-13 < 3 10 - 12 5-25 0,3 43 - 47 0,5 - 3 < 3 1,5 – 1,8 20 - 28 38 8 - 10 Oil Shale in Estonia - Characteristics Domestic fuel, resources for about 100 years Low heat value High ash content High CaO content in ash

  3. Oil Shale Miningin Estonia andin the World Production of oil shale from several countries

  4. MAP OF ESTONIA AS Narva Elektrijaamad

  5. IDA-VIRUMAA COUNTY MAP Balti Power Plant Eesti Power Plant

  6. Oil Shale Mineable Seam • The mineable oil shale seam is of Middle Ordovician age and consists of seven sub-seams (denominated A through F1) that are divided by limestone partings of various thicknesses. • Within the active mining areas, the thickness of this oil shale seam, without partings, ranges between 1.7 m and 2.3 m

  7. Estonian Long-Term Experience Utilising Oil Shale • Estonia has a long-term comprehensive experience on large scale oil shale utilisation: • electrical energy generation • middle pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 40-s • high pressure pulverised combustion - starting end of 50-s • Balti Power Plant – initially 1624 MWe - comm-d 1959 – 1966 • Eesti Power Plant – 1615 MWe - comm-d 1969 – 1973 • circulated fluidised bed combustion 2 Blocks 215 MWe each - commissioned 2005 • oil shale oil processing • Oil Shale Processing Plant utilising the Galloter Process – 2 x 140 t/h Oil Shale - Commissioned 1980

  8. EestiPower Plant1615 MW Oil Factory BaltiPower Plant765 MW AS Narva Elektrijaamad part in Estonian electricity production in 2005 94% Narva Power Plants Balti PP20% Iru PP Kohtla-Järve PP Ahtme PP Industry’s PP Renewable Other6% Eesti PP74% Eesti PP74%

  9. The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale Fired Power Plants • 01.01.2008.a.– SO2bounding on existing boilers >65%, • – fly ash emissions <200 mg/Nm3 • 16.07.2009.a.– to reconstruct ash handling systems, and bring ash landfills in compliance with landfill directive • 01.01.2012.a. – SO2 emissions total <25 000 ton/year • 01.01.2016.a. – LCP directive requirements will apply to all boilers

  10. CFB technology is the best for reducing SO2 emissions Ca/S molar ratio in Estonian Oil Shale – ca 10 PC BoilersCFB Boilers SO2 bounded 80 % almost 100 % SO2 emissions 2000 mg/Nm3 0 – 20 mg/Nm3 NOx emissions, mg/Nm3 300 mg/Nm3 90 – 170 mg/Nm3 Fly Ash Emissions < 200 mg/Nm3 < 30 mg/Nm3 The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale Fired Power Plants

  11. FWE CFB-Combustion System for Oil Shale Net Heat to Steam With oil shale 247 MWth With shale oil 112,5 MWth Main Steam 90 kg/s l 535’C l 12.7 MPa Hot Reheat 77 kg/s l 535’C l 2.4 MPa Steam Drum 13.3 MPa NET EFFICIENCY ~37%

  12. Narva Power Plant Oil Plant Retorting Process

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