1 / 16

What is ACSA ??

What is ACSA ??. Why bother ?? Here are some thoughts…. Computers: Fine exponents of the present days’ technological wave Solid and trusted performance, indispensable support in many fields Moore’s law on computer performance still holding ( barely? )

tamitha
Download Presentation

What is ACSA ??

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Summer Semester 2007

  2. What is ACSA ??

  3. Why bother ??Here are some thoughts… • Computers: • Fine exponents of the present days’ technological wave • Solid and trusted performance, indispensable support in many fields • Moore’s law on computer performance still holding (barely?) • Two major problems(according to Gigascale) • Of the small: caused by device shrinking – dominant thus far, industry’s main focus and investment • Of the large: enormity of design verification and manufacturing-test tasks – now a limitation for industrial progress

  4. Should we care ??Here are some more thoughts… • Physical limits of current, conventional technologies approaching fast (also financial limits!) • Intel’s 90nm Prescott chip already close to the thermal wall • need to individually place atoms inside chips throughout 2010's • Moore’s law breakdown forecasted around 2018 (source: Intel) • ITRS – two near- and longer-term challenges: • sustaining the 17% annual increase in performance • developing beyond CMOS materials and applications

  5. Who says this ??

  6. Are there any alternatives ?? Emerging Technologies and CMOS • Speed • Size • Cost • Switching Energy Source: ITRS report – 2004 update

  7. What about this course ?? • New computing architectures: • Biologically-inspired computing • First part of the semester • Molecular and DNA computing • Nanoelectronics, … • New computing paradigms: • Quantum computing • Second part of the semester • Reversible computing • Adiabatic computing, …

  8. Bioinspired Computing: Why ?? • Tradition: engineering and science have developed along separate tracks • Natural scientist – a detective:seeking toanalyze existing processes, toexplain their operation, to model them, and topredict their future behavior • Engineer – a builder:tries tocreate artificial systems (bridges, cars, electronic devices) based on a set ofspecifications (a description) and a set ofprimitives (elementary components such as bricks, beams, wires, motors, and transistors)

  9. Bioinspired Computing: Why ?? (2) • Present days: • scientists use tools created by engineers • engineers allured by certain natural processes • Living organisms – complex systems exhibiting a range of desirable characteristics difficult to realize using traditional engineering methodologies • evolution • adaptation • fault tolerance

  10. Living organisms ?? • Living systems characterized by agenetic program (the genome), that guides their development, their functioning,and their death • Considering life on Earth since its very beginning, three levels of organization distinguished: • phylogeny • ontogeny • epigenesis

  11. Phylogeny • First level of organization considered for living systems • Temporal evolution of the genetic program (the genome) concerned • Replication based on genome multiplying – low error rate at individual level • Genetic mechanisms fundamentally nondeterministic –> genetic diversity -> survavibility

  12. Ontogeny • Second level of organization considered for multicellular living systems • Temporal evolution of one individual • Successive cellular division of the zygote -> cellular differentiation • Processes essentially deterministic –> wrong genetic sequence -> notable/lethal malformations

  13. Epigenesis • Third level of organization considered for living systems • Ontogenetic information limited -> another process emerge to integrate knowledge • Example:human brain 1010 neurons, 1014 connections -> too large to be encoded by the genome • Learning systems • Nervous • Endocrine • Immune

  14. POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Phylogeny • Artificial evolution: genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, and genetic programming • Large scale programmable circuits: configure function by programming -> FPGAs - three distinct levels of configuration for an FPGA: • logic • cell interconnection • inputs and outputs • Evolvable hardware: an evolutionary approach to digital design

  15. POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Ontogeny • Growth, construction: • self-test and self-repair • self-replication • Embryonics

  16. POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Epigenesis • Nervous system: • Traditionally the most investigated • Artificial Neural Networks • Immune system: • software fault detection • Controllers for mobile robots • Endocrine system • hormones

More Related