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Foundation Year, Semester I

Introduction to PC. Foundation Year, Semester I. Prepared & Taught by Mr. SUN SETHA. Tel: (855)11 25 66 25, E-mail: sunsetha@gmail.com. rs. Computer System Basics Classification of Systems - Microcomputer - Minicomputer - Mainframe - Supercomputer. Microcomputer

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Foundation Year, Semester I

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  1. Introduction to PC Foundation Year, Semester I Prepared & Taught by Mr. SUN SETHA Tel: (855)11 25 66 25, E-mail: sunsetha@gmail.com rs

  2. Computer System Basics Classification of Systems - Microcomputer - Minicomputer - Mainframe - Supercomputer

  3. Microcomputer - Personal Computer / Workstation - Desktop machine, including portables - Used for small, individual tasks-such as simple desktop publishing, small business accounting, etc… - Typical cost: $2,000 to $5,000 - Example: The PCs in the labs are microcomputers

  4. Minicomputer - Medium sized server - Desk to fridge sized machine - Used for distributed data processing and multi-user server support - Typical cost: $10,000 to $500,000 - Example: Banda is a minicomputer

  5. Mainframe - Large server / Large Business applications - Large machines in purpose built rooms - Used as large servers and for intensive business applications - Typical cost: $500,000 to $10,000,000 - Example: IBM ES/9000, IBM 370, IBM 390

  6. Supercomputer - Scientific applications - Large machines. Typically employ parallel architecture (multiple processors running together) - Used for VERY numerically intensive jobs - Typical cost: $5,000,000 to $25,000,000 - Example: Cray

  7.  Part I Learning About Your Computer

  8.  Part I Learning About Your Computer

  9. Learning About Your Computer 1.1. What’s in Computer System? The Onion Model- layers: - Hardware (H.W) - Basic Input Output System (BIOS) - Software (S.W) Computer = Hardware + Software

  10. Hardware (H.W) - The Chunky stuff! - If you can touch it… it’s probably hardware! - The mother board + If we have motherboards…surely there must be fatherboard? Right? + What about sonboards, or daughterboards? - Hard Disk Drives - Monitors - Keyboards

  11. BIOS - Basic Input Output System + Directly controls hardware devices like UARTS (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) – Used in COM ports. - Stored in the ROM of the machine. + What’s ROM? - Preserved while the computer is turned off + How? + Why?

  12. Software - Divided into two main areas + Operating System . Use to control the hardware and to provide an interface between the user and the hardware. . Manages resources in the machine, like * Memory * Disk drives + Applications . Includes games, word-processors, databases, etc…

  13. 1.2. Looking at Hardware: Hardware such as Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard and System Unit.

  14. 1.2.1. Monitor: Is the TV of Computer for Display information from System Unit. (Output Device) Monochrome (Black & White) Monitor Polychrome (Color: RGB)

  15. 1.2.2. Mouse: Input Device for click on witch commands that you want.

  16. 1.2.3. Keyboard: Input Device for type data into computer.

  17. Type of Keyboard - Function Keys (F1-F12): For help witch program - Letter Keys (A-Z): For type letter into computer - Numeric Keys (0-9): For type number into computer - Punctuation Keys (! , . ; ’…): Is symbol keys for type into computer - Arrow Keys (): For replace cursor to anywhere and additional keys such as: Home, End, PageUP, PageDown, Alt, Ctrl, Shift, Enter,…

  18. 1.2.4. System Unit: All Hardware such as System Case, Mainboard Hard Disk, RAM, CPU, Floppy Disk,… in case for Computer work.

  19. 1.2.4.1. System Case: Case with Power Supply. Case for contain all necessary hardware such as main board, hard disk, ram all so. Power Supply for convert from AC (110V, 220V, 230V) to DC (12V, 5V, 3V, 0V,...)

  20. 1.2.4.1. System Case: Case with Power Supply. Case for contain all necessary hardware such as main board, hard disk, ram all so. Power Supply for convert from AC (110V, 220V, 230V) to DC (12V, 5V, 3V, 0V,...)

  21. 1.2.4.2. Main board: Main board or Motherboard is the big circuit in system unit for connect hardware and Line data that support on it to work together Sound + VGA card Mainboard Sound + VGA Built-in

  22. 1.2.4.3. HDD= Hard Disk= Hard Disk Drive= Hard Drive is the important hardware in computer. Is the rigit magnetic disk that is able to store many times more data than a floppy disk, and usually can’t removed from the disk. IDE SCSI

  23. 1.2.4.4. Processor and Memory: + Processor or CPU:Group of circuits witch perform the basic functions of a computer, made up of three parts: the control unit, the arithmetic and logic unit and the input/output unit. Slot CPU Socket Fan CPU CPU Socket CPU Slot

  24. SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module) RAM DIMM (Double/Dual Inline Memory Module) + Memory or RAM:allows access to any location in any order, without having to access the rest first.

  25.  Part II MS DOS Microsoft Disk Operating System

  26. MS-DOS 2.1.What is MS-DOS? MS-DOS=Microsoft Disk Operating System 2.2. What is OS? OS=Operating System. Software that controls the basic, low level hardware operation, and file management, without the user having to operate it (the operating system is usually supplied with the computer as part of the bundled software in ROM).

  27. os 2.3. Files of OS COMMAND.COM IO.SYS MSDOS.SYS DRVSPACE.BIN or DBLSPACE.BIN

  28. 2.4. Commands of MS-DOS  Key Commands - Enter - Ctrl+C - Ctrl+S - F1 - F3 - F5 - F8

  29. IE Commands  Internal and External Commands Directory Commands File Commands System Commands Disk Commands

  30. 1. Directory Commands

  31. 1. Directory Commands Commands for Create, Delete, Rename , Copy, Change,… directories and subdirectories. Note: 1.1. MD (Make Directory) (I): Type of Command Full Name of Command Command

  32. i.i MD (Make Directory) (I): Is the command to configure on the directory such as for create directory and subdirectory. Syntax: MD [Drive:] [PATH][DIR-NAME] Ex.: C:\>md aeu  C:\>md aeu\computer  C:\>md aeu\computer\semester1  C:\>md aeu\computer\semester1\intro C:\>md aeu\computer\semester1\software C:\>md D:\business  C:\>md D:\economic 

  33. i.ii DIR (Directory) (I): Specifies Drive, directory and/or file to list Syntax: DIR [Drive:] [PATH] [/P] [/W] [/A] [/?]  - /P Pause after each screen full information - /A Display files with specified attributes. - /w Uses wide list format - /L Uses lowercase Ex.: C:\>dir  Volume in drive C is AEU Volume Serial Number is 6899-84BE Directory of C:\

  34. Document and Setting <DIR> 01/17/2000 08:57a Intpub <DIR> 03/02/2004 10:01a Odbcconf.log 2,403 02/10/2004 01:06p Pkgclnup.doc 10,022 01/17/2004 08:15p WINNT <DIR> 03/02/2004 07:06a 2 Files(s) 12,425 bytes 3 Directories 15,011,131,392 bytes free

  35. View Group of Files Name: You can use wildcard (*,?) to view group of files. Ex.: C:\>Dir *.doc  (View all of files that extension .doc) C:\>Dir Th?da.txt  C:\>Dir J?n*.*  You can use(/?) aftercommandtohelp how to use those commands. Ex.:C:\>Dir /? C:\>CD /?

  36. i.iii CD (Change Directory) (I): Display the name of or changes current directory. Syntax: CD [Drive:] [PATH] Ex.: C:\>cdc:\aeu => C:\aeu>cd computer => C:\aeu\computer>cdsemester1 => C:\aeu\computer\semester1>cd.. => C:\aeu\computer>cd\ => C:\>D: => D:\>A: => A:\>

  37. aeu Computer C: Semester1 Business Accounting i.iv RD (Remove Directory) (I): Removes or Deletes a directory. Syntax: RD [Drive:] [PATH] [DIR-NAME]  Ex.: C:\>rd c:\aeu\computer\semester1 or C:\>cd c:\aeu\computer => C:\aeu\computer>rd semester1 C:\>rd c:\aeu\computer C:\>rd c:\aeu\business\accounting C:\>rd c:\aeu\business C:\>rd aeu

  38. 2. File Commands

  39. 2. File Commands We use file commands to configure on the file such as create, delete, copy, rename, and attrib files. 2.1. COPY CON (I):is the command for copy one or more file to another location by keyboard. Syntax: COPY CON [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME] Ex.1: C:\>Copy con A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt ……………………………………………….  …..………Type text…………………….  press F6 or Ctrl+Z to save file

  40. In the example 1 we make file from keyboard, Hello.txt, in drive A: directory Kimsan.

  41. Ex.2: C:\>Copy con A:\Kimsan\Dara\Jan.doc …………….type text here…………………… …………………………………………………….. Press F6 or Ctrl+Z to save file  2.2. TYPE (I): is the command for display the contents of a text file or files. Syntax: TYPE [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME] Ex.: C:\>Type A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt C:\>Type A:\Kimsan\Dara\Jan.doc

  42. In this example view text of file, but you can not edit on the text by Command Type.

  43. 2.3. REN (Rename) (I): is the command for renames a File Directory or Files/Directories. When you rename file the same copy file because we give new file name but meaning of file not change. Syntax: REN [Drive:] [PATH] [Dir1] [FILE-NAME1] [Dir2] [FILE-NAME2] Ex.1: C:\>Ren A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt Jan.txt We rename the Hello.txt file to Jan.txt file in directory Kimsan.

  44. Ex.2: C:\>Ren A:\Kimsan\Dara\Jan.doc Sok.bat In the same, we rename Jan.doc to Sok.bat file in drive A directory Kimsan subdirectory Dara and the Ex.3 we rename the directory AEI to AEU in drive A and AEU to AEI in current drive C Ex.3: C:\>Ren A:\AEI AEU  C:\>Ren AEU AEI If we want to rename a group of files to other files you can do like this: C:\>Ren *.exe *.bak In this example we rename all the files that have extension (.exe) to (.bak) in drive C:

  45. C:\>Ren *.* *.doc We rename all files name and its extension to the same name but extension (.doc). 2.4. DEL (Delete) (I): is the command for delete one or more files. This command delete files only. Syntax: DEL [Drive:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME] - Delete Single File: Before we delete file we need to know the destination of the file. In this example we have the file in drive A: and directory name Kimsan we can do like this: C:\>Del A:\Kimsan\Hello.txt

  46. - Delete a Group of Files: we delete a group of files we use Del commandwith wildcards (*,?). C:\>Del A:\*.* we delete all of files in drive A:

  47. 2.5. COPY (I): is the command for copy one or more files to another location: - Copy from Directory to another Directory - Copy a group of file use wildcards - Rename a files as it is copied - Combining text files - Copy a file to a printer

  48. Syntax: COPY [Drive1:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME1] [Drive2:] [PATH] [FILE-NAME2] 2.5.1. Copy a single file: Copy a file to another location. Ex.: C:\>Copy A:\Senat.txt D:\Kimsan We copy file Senat.txt from drive A: to drive D: in Kimsan 2.5.2. Copy a group of files: We use wildcards to copy a group of files. Ex.: C:\>Copy *.exe A:\Dara Copy all name of the files that have extension (.exe) in drive C: to directory Dara in drive A

  49. Ex.: C:\>Copy A:\Jan?.* C:\Sok Copy all files that begin with Jan word and with last one character and all extension to drive C: in directory Sok. By this example, if floppy A: has 5 files such as: Jan1.doc, Jan2.txt, Jan3.bak, Jana.txt, january.doc. Its will copy 4 files to drive C: in directory Sok, Jan1.doc, Jan2.txt, Jan3.bak, Jana.txt. It’s not copy January.doc. Note: When you copy files to another location you should be control capacity in byte of destination that contain files.

  50. 2.5.3. Rename a file as it is copied: We can use this command for rename files or extension, this command is like REN. Ex.: C:\>Copy Hello.txt A:\Hi.txt If a group of files we use wildcards C:\>Copy A:\*.tmp D:\*.exe We can rename name of file in the same location but if you ddn’t change the name of file, MS-DOS will warning message File cannot be copied onto itself 0 files copied

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