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MDGs to SDGs Transition: Sustainable Development Goals Transformation

This comprehensive content explores the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a critical review of key indicators and targets. It highlights the objectives, progress, and challenges of MDGs, emphasizing the need for sustainable development. The analysis covers poverty eradication, hunger reduction, child mortality, maternal health, and combatting diseases like HIV/AIDS and malaria. Detailed statistics, trends, and global comparisons provide insights into international efforts in achieving these vital goals.

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MDGs to SDGs Transition: Sustainable Development Goals Transformation

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  1. By: Dr. Shubhankar Adhikari MBBS, MD

  2. Content • Definition • Introduction And Background • MDGs :- Introduction :- Target And Indicators :- World And India Report (2015) • Need for transformation from MDG to SDG • SDG (Sustainable development goals) :- Introduction :- Methodology :- Goals and Targets • Critical review • Summary • References

  3. Definition. • Goal:- The ultimate desirable state towards which objectives and resources are directed. • Target:- An objective or result towards which efforts are directed. • Sustainable Development (5):- Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. • (5)Rio+20 http://www.un.org/en/sustainablefuture/about.shtml

  4. Introduction • In September 2000, 189 heads of state adopted the millennium declaration during the UN millennium summit • The MDGs are eight international development goals that all 192 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations had agreed to achieve by the year 2015. • The aim of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to encourage development by improving social and economic conditions

  5. Cont. • The plan was for countries and development partner to work together to reduce the Poverty and hunger. Tackle ill health. Gender inequality. Lack of education. Lack of access to clean water. And environmental degradation. • There are 8goals with 21 targets and 60 indicators.

  6. UN: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

  7. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1  Indicators 1. Proportion of population below $1 (1993 PPP) per day. 2. Poverty gap ratio. 3. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption. • Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day

  8. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 2 Indicators 4. Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age. 5. Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption. • Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

  9. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • In world, proportion dropped to 14 per cent in 2015. • In world, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined by more than half, falling from 1.9 billion in 1990 to 836 million in 2015.

  10. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions:- 23.3 per cent in 1990–1992 to 12.9 per cent in 2014–2016 (almost half) http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf

  11. Indicator: Prevalence of Underweight Children under 3 years of age • 52% of children below 3 years were underweight. In order to meet the target, the proportion of under-weight children should decrease to 26% by 2015. • The proportion of under-weight children below 3 years declined from 43% in 1998-99 to 40% in 2005-06.

  12. Goal 4: Reduce child mortality rate. Target 5 Indicators 13. Under-five mortality rate. 14. Infant mortality rate. 15. Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles. • Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

  13. Under-five mortality rate (1990-2015) http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf

  14. In India Trend in U5MR • Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  15. In India IMR was estimated at 80 per 1,000 live births in 1990. Target of 27 infant deaths per 1000 live births by 2015. Trend in IMR • Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  16. Proportion of One year old immunized against measles (%) • Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  17. Goal 5: Improve maternal health. Target 6. Indicators 16. Maternal mortality ratio. 17. Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel. • Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

  18. Key facts • Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has been cut nearly in half. • Globally, births assisted by skilled health personnel in 2014 increase from 59% to 71% • In the developing regions, only 56 per cent of births in rural areasare attended by skilled health personnel, compared with 87 per cent in urban areas.

  19. Trend in Maternal Mortality Ratio (India) • India is unlikely to achieve the target level of 109 per 1,00,000 live births by 2015. As per the historical trend, MMR is likely to reach the level of 140 maternal deaths by 2015 • Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  20. Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel • Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  21. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. Target 7. Indicators 18. HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years. 19. Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate. • Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

  22. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. Target 8 Indicators 21. Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria. 22. Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria prevention and treatment measures. • Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

  23. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. Indicators • 23. Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis. • 24. Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS (internationally recommended TB control strategy)

  24. Key facts • New HIV infections fell by approximately 40 per cent between 2000 and 2013, from an estimated 3.5 million cases to 2.1 million. • By June 2014, 13.6 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally, an immense increase from just 800,000 in 2003. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf

  25. Cont. • Globally, an estimated 35 million people were still living with HIV in 2013.

  26. The global malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated 37 per cent and the mortality rate by 58 per cent. • Globally, an estimated 214 million casesand 472,000 deathsin 2015. • The disease is still endemic in 97 countries and territories around the world—3.3 billion people are at risk of infection. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf

  27. In India • HIV prevalence at national level has steadily declined from estimated level of 0.41% in 2001 to 0.27% in 2011. Trend in Estimated Adult HIV Prevalence in India • Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  28. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability. Target 10 Indicators 30. Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source, urban and rural. 31. Proportion of population with access to improved sanitation, urban and rural. • Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

  29. Key facts In 2015, 91 per cent of the global population uses an improved drinking water source, compared to 76 per cent in 1990. Trend in percentage of households having access to improved source of drinking water -All India • Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  30. India’s progress towards achieving MDGs

  31. Source:- http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf

  32. Need for transformation from MDG to SDG • MDG was only for developing countries. • MDG did not maintained balance between its goals. • SDGs goes beyond MDGs in the sense they strive to achieve holistic and sustainable development and have taken a much broader view of concept of development

  33. Introduction • From 25-27 September 2015, Over 150 Heads of State & Government are confirmed to attend the UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York. Adaptation Ambitious, Bold and universal sustainable development agenda End poverty and promote prosperity by 2030, while addressing the environment.

  34. Cont. On September 25th 2015 193 world leaders Commit to 17 goals To achieve 3 extraordinary things in the next 15 years. End extreme poverty, Fight inequality & injustice, Fix climate change.

  35. Cont. • These goals is envisioned in Rio+20 conference in 2012. • Total 17 goals with 169 Targets. No one and no country behind

  36. Methodology • According to 3 separate criteria's, a number of assessors are assigned to have their own independent scores of significance of each of the proposed targets in the implementation context in question. • The 3 criteria’s are applicability, implementability and the transformational impact. • All targets were assessed from a domestic prospective, rather than a global perspective.

  37. Scoring Methodology • APPLICABILITY– In the opinion of the assessor is the target relevant, suitable and/or appropriate to developed countries, i.e. is it relevant? • Does the goal/target have universal relevance and communicate common aspirations for developed, as well as developing, countries? • Does the goal/target apply (i.e. is it relevant to domestic challenges and related public policy)? • Is there already domestic action or policy relevant to the goal/target?

  38. Cont.. • SCORING GUIDE: • 0 :- The target is not relevant to developed countries. (For example, this is not an issue in the country or the target has already been achieved at the domestic level and is therefore no longer a challenge that requires action) • 1 :- The target has some relevance for developed countries. Progress has already been made in this area but more could be done. • 2 :- The target is very relevant to developed countries challenges and is a priority for action.

  39. IMPLEMENTABILITY- In the opinion of the assessor will a reasonable allocation of resources result in the achievement of the goal/target in developed countries, i.e. can it be done? • Is the goal/target realistically achievable within the timeframe outlined? • Can the goal/target be easily translated into action at the national level? • Is the necessary data currently available?

  40. Cont.. • SCORING GUIDE: • 0 The target cannot be translated into action at the national level/cannot be achieved with the time/ resources/data available. • 1 The target can be achieved/implemented but it will be challenging. • 2 The target is easily implementable/has been achieved.

  41. TRANSFORMATIONALISM - In the opinion of the assessor will the achievement of the goal/target require significant new and additional policy action beyond what is currently in place and/or planned, i.e. will it matter and require a significant increase or change in the level of political and societal ambition and action? • Is the framework more ambitious than the mere continuation of current trends? • Will the achievement of the goal/target result in more sustainable outcomes both domestically and globally? • Does the goal/target address the root causes and drivers of the identified challenges?

  42. Cont.. • SCORING GUIDE: • 0 The target is not ambitious or transformative/has already been achieved. • 1 The achievement of the target would result in some transformational impact at the domestic level. • 2 The target is highly ambitious and transformative and addresses modern sustainable development challenges for the developed world with results that would significantly affect the impact or footprint of the developed world on the globe as a whole.

  43. Facts And Figures • 836 million people still live in extreme poverty • About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than $1.25 per day • One in seven children under age five in the world has inadequate height for his or her age. • Every day in 2014, 42,000 people had to abandon their homes to seek protection due to conflict

  44. Targets • (1.1) By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day. • (1.2) By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. • (1.3) Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.

  45. Cont. • (1.4) By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of 13 property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance. • (1.5) By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.

  46. Cont. • (1.a) Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions. • (1.b) Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions.

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