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Computer Literacy for IC 3 Unit 1: Computing Fundamentals

Computer Literacy for IC 3 Unit 1: Computing Fundamentals. Project 1: Identifying Types of Computers. Objectives. Identify categories of computers Identify basic components of a computer Measure memory and identify flow of information. Categories of Computers. Table 1.1.

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Computer Literacy for IC 3 Unit 1: Computing Fundamentals

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  1. Computer Literacy for IC3Unit 1: Computing Fundamentals Project 1: Identifying Types of Computers

  2. Objectives • Identify categories of computers • Identify basic components of a computer • Measure memory and identify flow of information

  3. Categories of Computers Table 1.1

  4. Types of Computers • Desktop • Laptop • Personal Digital Assistant • Tablet Computer • Workstation • Dumb Terminal

  5. Desktop • Sits on, next to, or under an individual user's desk • Usually too large to carry around • Has several pieces connected by wires

  6. Laptop • Also known as a notebook computer • Optional battery power • Flat panel display • Portable

  7. Personal Digital Assistant The personal digital assistant, also known as the PDA is helpful when making appointments or keeping important business information.

  8. Tablet Computers Like paper, one can take notes anywhere on the page. Like a binder, one can organize sections. The tablet computeris lightweight, with a large, high-resolution screen, hard disk and built-in QWERTY keypad.

  9. Workstations • Originally used to describe desktop computers with more capabilities • Often used when referring to any PC at an organization that is connected to the company's network

  10. Dumb Terminal • No storage • Useless if disconnected from the file server • One example of a dumb terminal is a point-of-sale (POS) terminal

  11. Hardware is a peripheral or physical part of the computer including: Monitors Printers Drives Keyboards Software is a program or application that runs on the computer. Word Excel PowerPoint FrontPage Hardware vs. Software

  12. Operating System Programming that controls interactions with the computer’s various parts and the users Types of Operating Systems: • Mac OS • Windows • UNIX • Linux

  13. Central Processing Unit • Allows for mathematical or logical operations • Assembles & processes information • Integrated with millions of components

  14. Word Size A processor works with binary numbers that consists of zeros and ones • Each digit is called a bit • Eight bits equal a byte • Word Size equals the maximum number of bits the CPU can handle at one time • Larger word size = faster processor (more calculations per second) 0010 1011 0101 1010 0101 1001 1110 0001 1111 1101

  15. Clock Speed Another measure of the speed of a processor • Processors perform actions with each pulse of the system clock • Clockpulses are measured in Hertz (One pulse per second equals one Hertz) • 1 Gigahertz = 1 billion pulses per second

  16. Memory and Storage • Primary storage – for data being processed • Secondary storage – for results of processing Read-only memory (ROM) • Factory programmed with instructions • Normally used at startup Random access memory (RAM) • Temporary storage for programs

  17. Secondary Storage – Devices Devices where data can be stored for later use Three main types: • Magnetic media – floppy disk • Optical media – compact disc • Flash memory – used with digital cameras

  18. Input and Output Devices • Input – transferring data into the computer • Output – sending the information out Common input devices: • Keyboard & Mouse • Bar Code reader Common output devices: • Monitor • Printer

  19. Text and Numbers • ASCII & Unicode are the standards • Limited by the number of binary numbers used • ASCII = 8 bit • Unicode = 32 bit • Standard prefixes used to denote multiples of the same unit Table 1.4

  20. Pictures and Sound Pictures • Patterns of dots • Dots are known as pixels Sound • Assigns numbers to the volume and pitch • Converts analog sounds into a series of binary numbers 0101 1011 0001 0100

  21. Summary • Learned how to categorize computers based on their capacity and use • Learned to identify the basic components of a computer and how to measure the speed and capacity of a computer • Learned how to describe the flow of information through the basic parts of a computer when it performs common tasks and identify the relationships between different types of computers in an organization • Extended your learning by reviewing concepts and terms, and by practicing variations of skills presented in the lessons

  22. End-of-Project Exercises • Multiple Choice • Discussion • Skill Drill • Finding storage capacity of a folder in your hard drive • Finding shared storage • Challenge • Determining the processor, clock speed, and RAM • Apply what you have learned to an advertisement for a computer • Discovery Zone • Using the Help and Support Center to learn about removable storage • Learning about memory, processors, and disk drives • Learning about sharing folders • Finding the hard disk capacity using Apple OS or Linux

  23. Questions?

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