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Ch. 6.2 Enlightenment in Europe I. Two Views on Government A. Hobbes Social Contract

Ch. 6.2 Enlightenment in Europe I. Two Views on Government A. Hobbes Social Contract. 1. Wrote the Leviathan People needed to hand over their rights to a strong ruler 3 . Without a strong government to keep order life would lead to chaos

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Ch. 6.2 Enlightenment in Europe I. Two Views on Government A. Hobbes Social Contract

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  1. Ch. 6.2 Enlightenment in EuropeI. Two Views on GovernmentA. Hobbes Social Contract 1. Wrote the Leviathan • People needed to hand over their rights to a strong ruler 3. Without a strong government to keep order life would lead to chaos • Agreeing to a strong ruler people gained law and order called a social contract

  2. B. Locke’s Natural Rights • Held a more positive view of human nature • People have a natural ability to govern themselves • People with three natural rights: life, liberty, and property • The governments’ purpose is to protect these rights

  3. II. The Philosophies Advocate ReasonA. Philosophies • Paris became the meeting place to discuss politics and ideas • This period in France became known as the Philosophies

  4. A. Philosophies 3. People needed to apply reason to life like Newton did to science 4. The five concepts: Reason, Nature, Happiness, Progress, and Liberty

  5. B. Voltaire Combats Intolerance • Most influential and brilliant philosopher of his time • Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief and freedom of speech

  6. C. Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers • Created and believed in the Separation of Powers: 3 branches of power • Wrote the Spirit of Laws

  7. D. Rousseau: Champion of Freedom • Committed to individual freedom • Only good government was a Direct Democracy • He believed the social contract was between free individuals to create a society & a government • Believed all people were equal & titles of nobility should be abolished

  8. E. Beccaria Promotes Criminal Justice • Believed people accused of a crime should receive a speedy trial without the use of abuse • Big Idea was that governments should seek the greatest good for the greatest amount of people

  9. III. Women and the Enlightenment • The men of the era pushed for change in politics but not for women • The main belief was that a women’s education be only on how to be a helpful mom or wife • Mary Astell published a book called A Serious Proposal to the Ladies which called for change on the role of women in society

  10. II. Women and the Enlightenment 4. Mary Wollstonecraft is another woman who wrote an essay that attacked Rousseau’s belief of what a woman should learn 5. Mary urged women to enter male dominated fields of medicine & politics

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