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The Enlightenment in Europe

The Enlightenment in Europe . “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it” -Voltaire. “Power should Check Power” -Baron de Montesquieu. “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains” - Jean Jacques Rousseau. Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes.

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The Enlightenment in Europe

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  1. The Enlightenment in Europe

  2. “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it” • -Voltaire

  3. “Power should Check Power” -Baron de Montesquieu

  4. “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains” • -Jean Jacques Rousseau

  5. Thomas Hobbes

  6. Hobbes • Passions unguided are for the most part mere madness • Faith is a gift of God which man can neither give nor take away by promise of rewards, or menaces of torture.

  7. John Locke

  8. Locke • New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common. • The reason why men enter into society is the preservation of their property. • We should have a great many fewer disputes in the world if words were taken for what they are, the signs of our ideas only, and not for things themselves.

  9. Five Key Ideas of the Philosophes

  10. Reason • Means NO: intolerance, bigotry, or prejudice

  11. Nature • Laws of Nature exist • There are also laws that govern politics and economics

  12. Happiness • People who live by nature’s laws will find happiness in this life • People do not need to wait for the after life to be happy

  13. Progress • Humankind can be perfected through reason and science

  14. Liberty • If people lived in a state of nature they would be free

  15. Voltaire

  16. Montesquieu

  17. Separation of Powers

  18. Montesquieu • Republics are brought to their ends by luxury; monarchies by poverty. • Liberty is the right to do what the law permits.

  19. Jean Jacques Rousseau

  20. CesareBeccaria

  21. Mary Astell

  22. Mary Astell • If all Men are born free, how is it that all Women are born Slaves? • Women are not so well united as to form an Insurrection. They are for the most part wise enough to love their Chains, and to discern how becomingly they fit.

  23. Mary Wollstonecraft

  24. Mary Wollstonecraft • Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience. • The being cannot be termed rational or virtuous, who obeys any authority, but that of reason. • The divine right of husbands, like the divine right of kings, may, it is hoped, in this enlightened age, be contested without danger.

  25. Impact of the Enlightenment • American and French Revolutions • Belief in Progress • More Secular Outlook • Importance of the Individual

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