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JAXA’s Precipitation Missions

JAXA’s Precipitation Missions. Riko OKI and Misako KACHI Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers.

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JAXA’s Precipitation Missions

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  1. JAXA’s Precipitation Missions Riko OKI and Misako KACHIEarth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) 3rd International Precipitation Working Group WorkshopMelbourne, Australia

  2. OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers. OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications. GPM Reference Concept • Core Satellite • Dual-frequency Precipitaion Radar (JAXA and NiCT) • Multi-frequency Radiometer (NASA) • H2-A Launch (TBD) • TRMM-like Spacecraft • Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit • ~65° Inclination • ~407 km Altitude • ~5 km Horizontal Resolution • 250 m / 500m Vertical Resolution • Constellation Satellites • Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers • Aggregate Revisit Time, 3 Hour goal • Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits • 500~900 km Altitude • Global Precipitation Processing Center • Capable of Producing Global Precipitation Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners • Precipitation Validation Sites • Global Ground Based Rain Measurement 3rd IPWG Workshop

  3. Japan-U.S. joint mission, flying since Nov. 1997 World's first and only space-borne precipitation radar (PR) with microwave radiometer and visible-infrared sensor Three-dimensional observation of rainfall by PR Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Hurricane KATRINA approaching South US, observed by TRMM at 0323Z 28 Aug. 2005. Annualized rainfall observed by TRMM/PR 3rd IPWG Workshop

  4. Observing various geophysical parameters related to global water and energy cycle. Accomplished the scheduled three-year mission and initiating long-term climate monitoring. EOS-Aqua (NASA) Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) El Nino monitoring by AMSR-E. AMSR-E sea surface temperature (SST). Time series of SST anomaly (AMSR-E minus climate SST) in the box area of upper figure. 3rd IPWG Workshop

  5. JAXA Earth Observation Program for GEOSS A plan of advanced low Earth orbit satellites To develop and operate an Earth Observation System for GEOSS SAR/disaster monitoring satellites With NASA With NASA GCOM-W GCOM-C DPR/GPM With ESA CPR/EarthCARE Optical Sensor/ Geo-stationary EO satellite GOSAT 3rd IPWG Workshop

  6. The Long Term Plan of JAXA Earth Observation for GEOSS 3rd IPWG Workshop

  7. GPM program status in Japan • DPR DRR (Development Readiness Review) was successfully completed in Dec, 2005. • Approved to start preliminary design and engineering model development of DPR in JAXA • GPM/DPR science and application meeting was held in March, 2006 • Review and discussion about mission success criteria, mission requirements, DPR specification • Overview of the research and application activities in Japan • Science plan • CAPACITY BUILDING IN ASIA "EARTH OBSERVATIONS IN THE SERVICE OF WATER MANAGEMENT" • Held successfully at Bangkok, Thailand in September, 2006 • Participation of about 120 persons from 22 countries • CEOS precipitation constellation activity • Jointly led by NASA & JAXA, with participation of various organizations • Draft of the scoping paper was discussed in CEOS SIT-19, and will be submitted to CEOS Plenary-20 • One year study is planned to generate implementation plan 3rd IPWG Workshop

  8. GPM program status in Japan (cont.) • DPR development schedule was re-defined for accommodating June 2013 GPM core spacecraft launch. • DPR observable range specification was changed based on the science requirements, and design has been modified to accommodate this new requirement • Was : 18km to surface • Is : 19km to surface • Preliminary Design Review (PDR) • KuPR and KaPR components PDR will be held in December, 2006 • DPR – S/C interface PDR planned in March, 2007 • DPR system PDR planned in April, 2007 • Science and application activity • Algorithm development • Simulation data generation for algorithm development started • Investigation about DPR level 1 and level 2 algorithm (KuPR, KaPR, and dual frequency algorithm), and DPR & GMI combined algorithm have been continued. • Development of precipitation map generation algorithm including microwave radiometer data has been continued (cooperation with GSMaP) -> Drs. Aonashi &Ushio • GPM science document (in Japanese) was prepared • Joint study withPublic Works Research Institute has been started regarding GPM application for flood monitoring • Preliminary survey about utilization of microwave sounder data for GPM has been started 3rd IPWG Workshop

  9. Global Flood Alert System (GFAS)http://gfas.internationalfloodnetwork.org/gfas-web/ GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) IFNet/GFAS will receive and utilize real-time 3-hourly global precipitation data obtained from GPM to disseminate flood information to the concerned countries. Precipitation Information around the Upstream Raw Data Ground Stations (NASA, JAXA) On-Line Data Processing System (NASA, JAXA) Real-time 3-hourly Precipitation Data On-Line Estimation of precipitation probability Flood Alert ! E-mail > Estimated Precipitation Probability Present Precipitation Disaster Prevention Organizations of the concerned countries 3rd IPWG Workshop

  10. Composite of Precip. retrievals (6 hours) （欠損値） 3rd IPWG Workshop

  11. GCOM Mission Overview • Establish and demonstrate the global and long-term Earth observing system (contribute to GEOSS) • Contribute to improving climate change prediction in concert with climate model research institutions • Contribute to operational users such as meteorological agencies • Promote comprehensive data use in conjunction with other satellite and ground data • Investigate potential data analysis methodology 3rd IPWG Workshop

  12. GCOM-W Overview AMSR2 Targets of GCOM-W/AMSR2 are water-energy cycle. AMSR2 will continue AMSR-E observations (water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, wind speed, sea ice concentration etc.). If GCOM-W2, W3 has scatterometer, GCOM-W scatterometer in afternoon orbit will increase time resolution and data coverage in combination with the METOP/ASCAT in morning orbit (to achieve every 6 hours observation). 3rd IPWG Workshop

  13. GCOM-W1 Development Schedule JFY 2005 H17 2006 H18 2007 H19 2008 H20 2009 H21 2010 H22 2011 H23 2012 H24 （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） （ ） 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 Items 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 X Configuration Decision Mile Stone X Phase-up review X SAC review X GCOM-W Launch GCOM-W 1 Phase-A Phase-B/C/D Phase-E Concept Study Preliminary Design GCOM-W Satellite bus Critical Design Satellite Development 3.5y （ ） AIT AMSR2 Shipping Preliminary Design / BBM AMSR2 AMSR2 Development (2.5y) 3rd IPWG Workshop

  14. Summary • JAXA’s Earth observation satellites are described as a national key technology in the 3rd Science and Technology Basic Plan (2006) in Japan, and are one of Japanese key contribution to the GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan. • GPM mission and GCOM-W series will contribute to “Water” Societal Benefit Area in GEOSS, which is one of three major Japanese contribution area. • Although delay of GPM mission schedule, development of DPR is going smoothly and making steady progress. • To develop high-frequent and high-accuracy precipitation products in GPM era, JAXA coordinates with expanded user community, such as IFNet, ICHARM, etc., and collaborates with GSMaP group led by Prof. Okamoto. • Formal GCOM-W1 project will be launched in JFY 2007. 3rd IPWG Workshop

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