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1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813

Subpart K Electrical 29 CFR 1926.400. Vincent J. Giblin, General President. Phone: (304) 253-8674 Fax: (304) 253-7758 E-mail: hazmat@iuoeiettc.org. 1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813.

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1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813

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  1. Subpart K Electrical 29 CFR 1926.400 Vincent J. Giblin, General President Phone: (304) 253-8674 Fax: (304) 253-7758 E-mail: hazmat@iuoeiettc.org 1293 Airport Road Beaver, WV 25813

  2. This material was produced under grant number 46C5-HT16 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

  3. Introduction • Electricity is the flow of electrons through • a conductor. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  4. Introduction • This flow is called a current. Any material • that allows electrons to flow through it is a • conductor. A good good example would • be copper wire, allowing electricity to flow • much like water through a hose. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  5. Introduction • This conductor must be covered by an • insulator made of materials that do not • conduct electricity easily. Glass, rubber, • plastic, and dry wood are insulators. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  6. Introduction • This brings up the topic of resistance. • Insulators have high resistance to the current • flow because it takes the path of least • resistance which would be the conductor • inside the insulator. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  7. Introduction • The human body can be used as a conductor, • sending electrical • currents through the • body much like • water through a • sponge. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  8. Introduction • When you have had an electrical shock you may: • A. Stop breathing • B. Burn the skin • C. Cook internal organs • D. Have internal bleeding • E. Stop the heart Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  9. Introduction • This - of course - is to be avoided. What may • cause this to happen? It could be a short • circuit or a ground fault. • A short circuit may happen when two hot • wires or a hot wire and a neutral wire of a • circuit contact each other. This causes the • resistance to lower. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  10. Introduction • A ground fault may be caused by the hot • conductor coming into contact with an outlet • or tool casing. The tool may continue to run • until something touches the outlet or the tool • case, thus creating a multiple path to ground • and casing shock. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  11. Introduction • By using this standard, you will become • aware of the electrical safety requirements • that must be applied for the practical safe- • guarding of employees using temporary or • permanent electrical installations at a • construction job-site. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  12. Introduction • This standard was first issued in 1971. It • has since been updated in 1991. The • subpart K is divided into four major • divisions: • 1. 1926.402-408: Installation Safety • Requirements • 2. 1926.416 & .417: Safety-Related Work • Practices Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  13. Introduction • The subpart K is divided into four major • divisions: • 3. 1926.431 Safety-Related & .432: Maintenance & • Environmental Considerations • 4. 1926.441: Safety Requirements • for Special Equipment Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  14. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • These general requirements would apply to • all electrical conductors and equipment: • 1. Approved 5. Suitable • 2. Strong and durable 6. Insulated • 3. Heat and arc effects 7. Classified location • 4. Safeguarding Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  15. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (a) Approvalof all electrical conductors and • equipment shall be approved. • (b) Examination, installation, and use of • equipment. The employer is to ensure that • electrical equipment is free from recognized • hazards that are likely to cause death or • serious physical harm to employees. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  16. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (c) Interrupting rating: • Equipment intended to break current shall • have an interrupting rating at system • voltage sufficient for current that must be • interrupted. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  17. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (d) Mounting and cooling of equipment: • Mounting-Electric equipment is to be • firmly secured to the surface on which it is • mounted. No wooden plugs are to be used. • Cooling- Electrical equipment depending • upon the natural circulation of air is to be • installed so that the air floe is not hindered • by any obstacles. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  18. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (e) Splices: • Conductors are to be spliced or joined with • splicing devices designed for the use or by • brazing, welding, or soldering with a • fusible metal or alloy. Splices, joints, and • free ends are t be covered with proper • insulation Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  19. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (f) Arcing parts: • Electrical equipment • producing arcs, sparks, • flame, or molten metal • shall be enclosed or • separated from all • combustible material Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  20. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (g) Marking: • Electrical equipment is not to be used unless • it is properly marked with the manufacturer’s • name or if it does not provide voltage, • current, wattage, or other ratings necessary. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  21. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (h) Identification of disconnecting means and circuits: • Each disconnecting means shall be legibly • marked to indicate its purpose. Each • service, feeder, and branch circuit shall be • legibly marked to indicate its purpose. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  22. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (i) 600 volts, nominal, or less • Working Clearances are to follow Table K-1 • Table K-1 Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  23. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (i) 600 volts, nominal, or less • Clear spaces are not to be used for storage. • There should be at least one entrance for access to the working space about electric equipment • The working space in front of service equipment • that is exposed should not be less than 3 feet and the minimum headroom shall be 6’3”. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  24. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (i) 600 volts, nominal, or less • Live parts of electric equipment are to be guarded against accidental contact. Partitions, screens, and placement on elevated levels of 8 feet or more above the work surface, are all means of guarding and are to be accessible only to qualified persons. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  25. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (j) Over 600 volts, nominal • This electrical equipment shall be surrounded by a wall, screen, or fence, access to which is controlled by lock and key or under the observation of a qualified person at all times. • Those installations that have exposed live parts are to be accessible to qualified persons only. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  26. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (j) Over 600 volts, nominal • Sufficient space is needed to permit ready and safe operation and maintenance. The minimum clear workspace shall not be less than 6’6” high, or less than 3’ wide with adequate space to permit at lest a 90o opening or doors or panels. • There should be at least one entrance to this • work space not less than 24” wide and 6’6” high. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  27. Installation Safety Requirements1926-403 General Requirements • (j) Over 600 volts, nominal • The minimum clear working space in front of electric equipment shall not be less than specified in Table K-2 Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  28. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (a) Conductors used as either grounded or as • an equipment grounding conductor are to be • distinguishable from all other conductors. • Grounded- Neutral color, current carrying conductor • Grounding- Bare or green color dedicated to frames Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  29. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • The polarity connections shall not be changed • by the use of grounded conductors. A • grounding terminal or device on a receptacle, • cord connector,or attachment plug shall not be • used for purposes other than grounding. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  30. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (b) Branch circuits are used for ground-fault • protection. Ground fault circuit interrupters or • an assured equipment grounding conductor • program are to be used to protect the • employees on the construction site. repairs Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  31. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (c) Outside conductors and lamps • (i) Power Conductors on poles are to be • separated from communication conductors as • follows: •  30 inches if below communication • conductors Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  32. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (c) Outside conductors and lamps • (i) Power Conductors on poles are to be • separated from communication conductors as • follows: •  24 inches if above communication and • 300 volts or less •  30 inches if above communication and • more than 300 volts Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  33. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (c) Outside conductors and lamps • (ii) Clearance from ground: • 10 ft - above sidewalks, grade, platform • 12 ft - vehicular traffic • 15 ft - other than public streets, alleys, roads, and driveways • 18 ft - above public streets, alley, roads, and driveway Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  34. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (c) Outside conductors and lamps • (iii) Clearance from building openings is • to be at least 3 feet • (iv) Clearance over roofs • 8 ft - insulated conductors • 10 ft - covered conductors • 15 ft - bare conductors • 18 ft - if used for vehicles Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  35. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (c) Outside conductors and lamps • Outdoor lamps are to be located below all live • conductors, or electric equipment unless • other specific safeguards are required for • relamping. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  36. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (d) Services • Means will be provided to disconnect all • conductors in a building or other structure • from the service-entrance conductors, • indicating whether it is in the open or closed • position. They shall be installed at a readily • accessible location nearest the point of • entrance of the service-entrance conductors. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  37. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (e) Overcurrent protection- (1)600 volts or less • Protection of conductors and equipment from • overcurrent of circuits can be done by making • certain: • (i) Conductors have sufficient ampacity for job • ( ii) No interruptions from overcurrent devices Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  38. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (e) Overcurrent protection-(1) 600 volts or less • (iii) All cartridge fuses are provided with • disconnecting means. • (iv) Overcurrent devices are readily accessible • (v) Fuses, circuit breakers, and moving parts are • shielded to protect employees • (vi) Circuit breakers are clearly ON of OFF Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  39. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (e) Overcurrent protection- • (2) 600 volts or more • Feeders and branch circuits over 600 volts, nominal, shall have short-circuit protection. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  40. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (f) Grounding • Grounding keeps you from becoming part of the • circuit by providing a separate low resistance • pathway for electricity when it does not follow • normal flow from hot to neutral. • OSHA lists extensive requirements for grounding • in (f)(1) through(11), focusing on things that give • a continuous grounding path. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  41. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (f) Grounding • In order to assure proper grounding, the path must: •  Be permanent and continuous •  Be of ample capacity •  Have low resistance •  Bond all circuit parts together Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  42. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (f)(7) Equipment connected by cord and plug • that must be grounded. • 1. Handheld motor-operated tools • 2. Equipment used in damp or wet locations or by employees standing on the ground or on metal floors or working inside of metal tanks or boilers • 3. Portable and mobile X-ray equipment • 4. Tools used in wet and/or conductive locations Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  43. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (f)(11) Grounding of systems and circuits of 1000 volts and over • 1. Portable and mobile high voltage equipment shall be supplied from a system having its neutral grounded through an impedance. • 2. Provided ground-fault protection is to automatically de-energize any high voltage system component which has developed a ground fault. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  44. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (f)(11) Grounding of systems and circuits of 1000 volts and over • 3. The grounding electrode to which the portable or mobile equipment system neutral impedance is connected shall be isolated from and separated in the ground by at least 20 feet from any other system or equipment grounding electrode Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  45. 1926.404 Wiring Design and Protection • (f) Grounding • Systems to be grounded • 3 wire DC systems • 2 wire DC systems • AC circuit less than 50 volts • AC circuits 50 volts to 1000 volts • Exempted if less than 50 volts and isolation • transformer and also if double insulated. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  46. 1926.405 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment • We will touch briefly on each of the • elements of this section. • (a)In discussing the general requirements of wiring methods, metal raceways, cable armor, and other metal enclosures for conductors shall be metallically joined together into a continuous electric conductor. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  47. 1926.405 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment • Temporary power and wiring methods shall • be removed immediately upon completion of • construction or the purpose for which the • wiring was installed. • The general requirements for temporary • wiring are listed in (a)(2)(ii)(A-J). Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  48. 1926.405 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment • Covering lights in this section ,(F-G), • temporary lights shall not be suspended by • their electric cords unless cords and lights are • designed for this means of suspension. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  49. 1926.405 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment • Portable electric lighting used in wet and/or • other conductive locations, such as drums, • tanks, and vessels, shall be operated at 12 volts • or less. 120-volt lights may be used if protected • by a ground-fault circuit interrupter. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

  50. 1926.405 Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment • Covering, also,the commonly used flexible • extension cords and cables, section (I). They are • to be protected from damage as they may pass • through doorways or other pinch joints. Sharp • corners and projections shall be avoided. Never • pass extension cords through walls, floors, • ceilings, windows, or doors. Operating Engineers National Hazmat Program

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