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EFFECTS OF ORDNANCE, MUNITIONS AND EXPLOSIVES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

EFFECTS OF ORDNANCE, MUNITIONS AND EXPLOSIVES ON THE ENVIRONMENT. Peter Eickhoff MOD, UK. Defence Ordnance Safety Group.

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EFFECTS OF ORDNANCE, MUNITIONS AND EXPLOSIVES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

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  1. EFFECTS OF ORDNANCE, MUNITIONS AND EXPLOSIVES ON THE ENVIRONMENT Peter Eickhoff MOD, UK

  2. Defence Ordnance Safety Group DOSG is a support group within the Defence Procurement Agency (DPA), part of the UK Ministry of Defence, at Abbey Wood, Bristol. DOSG Director reports to the Defence Ordnance Safety Board (DOSB). Formed in October 2000 to create a pan-MOD focus for policy, strategy, policy implementation, performance measurement and support relating to explosive and ordnance safety - functions previously performed by the Ordnance Safety Group (OSG), Chief Inspector of Naval Ordnance (CINO) Explosives Storage and Transport Committee (ESTC) and the Magazine Safety Group (MSG) who have been amalgamated into the DOSG. DOSG has a core group of scientists, engineers, administrators and military officers who are specialists in all aspects of ordnance and munitions safety. 

  3. In the delegated role of Chief Inspector Explosives (MOD) under authority of Secretary of State for Defence, and MOD Competent Authority for Major Accidents Control Regulations (MACR), we develop ordnance safety policy and standards and provide support to a wide variety of customers. • We provide: • impartial appraisal of the safety, and advice on the suitability and serviceability for service in UK Armed Forces, of weapons and those parts of weapon systems and stores in which explosives are used. • assessments for Qualification of explosive compositions for military use. • advice on matters affecting the safe use of weapons and other hazardous stores during military training and use and their effect on the environment. • the Ministry of Defence focal point for NATO and international standardization, for testing, assessment and acceptance criteria relating to the above matters, and their safe use in training and on ranges.  • Assurance to SofS that the management of safety for OME is effective. • Classification of Military Explosives for storage and transport.

  4. EFFECTS OF ORDNANCE, MUNITIONS AND EXPLOSIVES ON THE ENVIRONMENTCONTENTS • Why Consider It ? • Current Situation • Recommendations • Conclusions

  5. WHY CONSIDER IT ? • Huge gap in UK MOD knowledge - Ignorance is no defence • Health Issues Toxic Risk to Own and Friendly Forces Long Term Danger to Environment - eg Water Courses • Moral Issues Areas in Theatre / Ranges and Practice areas to be cleaned up Long Term Damage to Environment

  6. ALL SMOKE IS HAZARDOUS - BUT HOW BAD IS IT ?

  7. WHY CONSIDER IT ? • Legislation Environmental Protection Act, Environment Act, Prevention Of Pollution Act etc Future EU Legislation - e.g. Ban on Heavy Metals ? • Effect on Whole Life Costs Need for Personal Protective Equipment Clean Up Disposal

  8. How much exposure ?

  9. INTERNATIONAL ISSUES • USA: EPA proposed drinking water standards for Ammonium Perchlorate • Compliance with the proposed levels (1-4 ppb) may present too great a liability for manufacturers who may decide to cease production of munitions containing AP. • Today AP - Tomorrow RDX?

  10. INTERNATIONAL LIAISON • USA: Information Exchange Agreement • US Navy at Indian Head • US Army at Picatinny Arsenal • Defense Ammunition Center at McAlester, Oklahoma • Munitions Items Disposal Action Systems (MIDAS) • CANADA: UK/CA MOU Firing munitions over snow to collect combustion products - US concept Germany and Sweden: Influence on EU legislation Use of Green Munitions

  11. CURRENT SITUATION IN THE UK • Information supplied from the Manufacturer (sometimes) AVAILABLE (?) • Information required for Safety Cases NOT READILY AVAILABLE • Information required from fired OME when “In Use” NOT READILY AVAILABLE • Information required for Disposal, whether sold, given away, used in training, demil etc NOT READILY AVAILABLE

  12. WHAT ARE THE TOTAL PRODUCTS ?

  13. INFORMATION FROM THE MANUFACTURER Obtained by : • STANAG 4518 - Safe Disposal Of Munitions, Design Principles And Requirements, And Safety Assessment • Def Stan 13-129 - Requirements For Explosives Hazard Data Sheets For MOD Use • Def Con 68 - currently based on CHIP3 - Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations - Safety Data Sheets. (Section 6 of H&SWA etc Act)

  14. AN EXAMPLE OF EXHAUST PRODUCTS

  15. INFORMATION REQUIRED IN USE • Information is required not only about safety information on delivery of the store but what exactly is produced on firing the store ? • The store undergoes Chemical Reaction Does the MOD know what exactly is produced ? • Pollutants are produced from OME and its constituents i.e. from Explosives, Propellants, Pyrotechnics, Fillers, Binders, Plasticisers, Additives etc • What and how much Poisonous Gases ? • What and how much Dangerous Particulates ?

  16. DISPOSAL • During conflict or war • Sale or gift • Demilitarisation • OB/OD • Re-use • Training

  17. RECOMMENDATIONS TO DOSB • DOSB to note the issue that MOD needs to comply with new and future UK/EU environmental regulations and legislation in relation to OME • DOSB to endorse the proposed way ahead for the development of an environmental effects policy and implementation strategy relating to OME • DOSB to agree the formation of a scientific and technical action group to progress the implementation strategy • DOSB to support the requirement that new resources (both funding and competent staff) are made available to relevant organisations to progress the environmental effect issues relating to OME

  18. Ikeja, Nigeria - What are the pollutants left ?

  19. THE WAY FORWARD • UK MOD needs : • To gain all information on OME in use, to comply with all current and emerging legislation • To develop a policy on the effects of OME on the environment Gather all missing “In Use Data” Assess Data by Competent People Communicate Data to IPTs for use in Through Life Costs • To form a S&T Action Group to progress and implement the strategy • To trade off with costs; performance etc Some Safety and Environmental issues can be, some cannot

  20. Black Horse Camp, DOHA, 1991More injuries due to pollutants ?

  21. ACTION GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OME • Reports to the Whole Life Assessment Steering Committee • Policy • Review the progress of the implementation strategy • Promote ways of maximising recycle and re-use • Keep abreast of national and international issues • Science • Determine the feasibility of the military use of recycled materials • Promote scientific R&D studies • Identify areas for quick term and longer term wins • Tools • To ensure the correct management tools are in place to develop CBA models • To produce and update an OME environmental effects database

  22. Gases and Particulates

  23. CONCLUSIONS • Must Be Considered Ignorance is no defence • Legal Content Must be adhered to - exemptions ? • Future Buys Of Munitions More information, data and evidence required • Legacy Equipment What information is available in existing Project Files ?

  24. FURTHER INFORMATION Further Information from Peter Eickhoff DOSGST1d@dpa.mod.uk

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