1 / 39

Electricity & Magnetism Lessons

Electricity & Magnetism Lessons. Presents:. 5th Grade Strand 5: Physical Science Standards Concept 3: Energy and Magnetism. Electricity Basics. Electricity is….. The flow of electrons The energy sent out by batteries and generators (current electricity)

tania
Download Presentation

Electricity & Magnetism Lessons

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Electricity & Magnetism Lessons Presents: 5th Grade Strand 5: Physical Science Standards Concept 3: Energy and Magnetism

  2. Electricity Basics Electricity is….. • The flow of electrons • The energy sent out by batteries and generators (current electricity) • The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity) • A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)

  3. All Matter is Made up of Atoms MATTER (Diamond, coal) ELEMENT (Carbon, Oxygen) ATOM (particles)

  4. Atoms What is an Atom? • The smallest component in all things • Made up of three smaller particles • Protons (+) • Neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (-) • Strive for stability • Charged atom = ion

  5. Particles with opposite charges attract each other. _ _ + + Opposites Attract Attraction

  6. Stable atoms have equal protons and electron Stable atoms have no charge Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create stability +++ --- +++ -- ++ --- Stable Atom Positive Ion Negative Ion Charged Atom (Ion)

  7. Static Electricity • The imbalance of positive and negative charges • Example: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightening

  8. + - + + - + - - + + - + + - - + - - Static Electricity • Start with a doorknob – no charge • Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged • Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away. - - - - - - -

  9. + - - + - + - + + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. - - - - - - -

  10. + - + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. • Now you and the doorknob have the same charge. + + + +

  11. Electricity & Ben Franklin Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) • 1740’s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges maintain a balance except when influenced by some means. • 1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge.

  12. Current Electricity • Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atom • To start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. • Generator • Batteries

  13. Voltage and Current

  14. What is an Atom? • The smallest component in all things • Made up of three smaller particles • Protons (+) • Neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (-) • Free electrons search for positively charged ions • The flow of electrons is electric current

  15. Voltage & Current • Voltage • Electric potential difference between two points • Pushes electrons • Measured in Volts • Comes from batteries, electric outlets, generators • Current • Flow of electrons • Measured in Amps • 1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second

  16. Pressure Pressure Voltage is like Pressure • Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current) • Higher pressure pushes water to flow faster • You can have pressure without flow • You can have voltage without current

  17. Flow Flow Current is like water flow • Flow of water is similar to flow of electrons • The pressure (voltage) determines how fast the water (electrons) move through the pipe (wire) • There is no current without voltage

  18. How Do You Get Electricity?

  19. Conductors and Insulators

  20. Conductors • Materials that pass electricity easily • Examples: • Copper • Silver • Gold • Aluminum • Most metals

  21. Insulators • Materials that resist electricity flow • Examples: • Wood • Rubber • Porcelain • Glass • Air • Cloth • Paper

  22. Electricity & Thomas Edison Thomas Edison (1847-1931) • 1870’s – invented the first commercially practical incandescent light with a carbon filament. • 1880 – Edison founded the Edison Electric Illuminating Company the first electric utility in New York City.

  23. Circuits:Series and Parallel

  24. What is a circuit? • A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through. • Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positive

  25. What makes a simple circuit? • A simple circuit consists of: • A source - battery or generator • Conductors (path for current to flow) • An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnet

  26. Series Circuit • In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were connected in series (one after another) • Christmas tree lights are sometimes connected in series • What happens if we add another light bulb?

  27. Series Circuit – Adding bulbs • Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer? • Why would they change? • What if we add a million light bulbs?

  28. Parallel Circuit • By making a loop for each bulb we can make a parallel circuit • What are the benefits? • What happens if we add another bulb?

  29. Parallel Circuit – Adding bulbs • Will the brightness of the bulbs change? • Why or why not? • What if we add a million bulbs?

  30. Questions to Ponder • What would life be like without electricity? • Are the electrical outlets in your house installed in series or parallel? • Can you think of an example of a series circuit in real life?

  31. What is Magnetism? • Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickel • Can be permanent or temporary

  32. Magnetism Basics Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit Magnetism N S • Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles • Opposite poles attract • Like poles repel All magnets have lines of force extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them

  33. Magnetic Field Magnetic lines do not cross each other. The lines go from North to South on the magnet. Magnetic Lines of Flux N magnet S

  34. N S N S Pulling Magnets Attracting Each Other

  35. N S N S Pushing Apart Magnets Opposing Each Other

  36. The Earth is a Magnet

  37. What are the characteristics? • North and south poles • “di”-poles • Break the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets • 3 dimensional field of attraction • Transfer magnetic properties

  38. Uses for Magnets in Everyday Life • Cars • Power locks • Homes • Door bells • Microwaves • TV’s • Refrigerators • Earrings • Electricity • Schools • Whiteboard Magnets

  39. References • www.srpnet.com/education • www.ieee.org • http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirt/circuits/whatcirc.htm • www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnets • www.creativekidsathome.com/science/magnetexp.html • www.howstuffworks.com • www.eia.doe.gov/kids/glossary

More Related