The Raven

2. The Raven Review

3. Literary Elements The following is a list of literary elements and their meanings. Use these definitions to help develop a deeper understanding of “The Raven.”

4. Literary Elements Alliteration Assonance Character Metaphor Personification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone

5. 1. Alliteration -The repeating of consonant sounds. 2. Assonance - The repeating of vowel sounds. 3. Metaphor -A figure of speech where a word or phrase that usually means one thing is applied to something else in order to suggest a likeness between the two. 4. Personification - Giving an inanimate object human qualities. 5. Repetition - Repeating a word, phrase, line or sound over and over for greater effect. 6. Rhyme -Ending sounds in two or more words are the same or similar. There can be either internal rhyme where the last word of a line is the same as or similar to a word in the middle of the line or end rhymes where the last word in two or more lines are the same or similar.

6. Character- Also, characterization. How is each individual described? What kind of personality does each have? What are their hopes, dreams, morals, strengths and weaknesses, fears? Is he a coward or hero and why? Direct characterization - The character told you something directly. Indirect characterization - Another character told you something or you saw the character DO something that leads you to understand some aspect of his personality. Plot - This is the storyline, the events, the ‘what happens’ in the story/poem. Conflict, as part of the plot is the disagreement, the problem to be solved, that especially in “The Raven” builds suspense. Setting - The where and when of the story. Descriptions can direct by the author, or told or implied by a character. Besides orienting the action in place and time, the setting plays a big part in the overall feeling one gets when reading a story or poem.

7. Setting - The where and when of the story. Descriptions can direct by the author, or told or implied by a character. Besides orienting the action in place and time, the setting plays a big part in the overall feeling one gets when reading a story or poem. Tone - Tone is the overall ‘feeling’ of the poem- happy, scary, and thoughtful, etc. Tone implies the author’s attitude for what he/she has written and all the other elements work together to create this feeling. Theme - Theme is the underlying message, the ‘main idea’ of the story or poem. It is what the story/poem is ‘about’ when you strip off the characters and setting. Symbolism - Symbolism is using one word or object to represent another word or object. For example, a dove often symbolizes or represents peace.

8. 1st Person - This is a narrator who is a character and tells of the events through his/her own experience and perspective. The personal pronoun “I” is used. The narrator’s thoughts and feelings are known, while those of other characters are filtered through the narrator. 3rd Person Limited - Similar to the 1st Person P.O.V. in that the information is filtered through the eyes on one character, but the narrator is not a character. The narrator is telling the story through one character’s eyes and ears, so the reader learns only what that one character knows. Third person pronouns (he, she, they) are used. 3rd Person Omniscient - Similar to the 3rd Person Limited P.O.V. in that it uses the third person pronouns (he, she, they), but the perspective is not limited to one character. It can and will change from the thoughts, feelings and ideas of one character to another.

10. Practice TestThe following is a list of literary elements and examples taken from the Poem. Which literary term does each example represent?

11. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone midnight dreary, dying embers, chamber

12. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone midnight dreary, dying embers, chamber Setting

13. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone "Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted - "

14. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone "Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted - " Metaphor

15. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Dreary, uncertain, terrors, implore, mystery

16. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Dreary, uncertain, terrors, implore, mystery Tone

17. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Chamber door, shore, explore, bore, core, o’er

18. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Chamber door, shore, explore, bore, core, o’er Rhyme

19. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt

20. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt Alliteration

21. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone "To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core."

22. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone "To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core." Metaphor

23. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter

24. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter Rhyme

25. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Nevermore

26. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Nevermore Repetition

27. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone The fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s core

28. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone The fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s core Character

29. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Quoth the Raven “Nevermore”

30. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Quoth the Raven “Nevermore” Personification

31. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Weak and weary

32. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Weak and weary Alliteration

33. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Purple curtain

34. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone Purple curtain Assonance

35. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone His eyes have all the seeing of a demon’s that is dreaming

36. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone His eyes have all the seeing of a demon’s that is dreaming Metaphor

37. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone My soul … shall be lifted - nevermore

38. Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorPersonification Plot Point of View Repetition Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone My soul … shall be lifted - nevermore Theme

40. Multiple ChoiceOn the test you will be asked to write the letter of the correct answer in the space before each question.

41. _____ 1. In Poe's "The Raven," the narrator tells a story about himself that took place within his private chamber. At the very start of the poem, what does the narrator describe his emotional state as? • A. Joyful and happy • B. Restless and anxious • C. Sad and tired • D. Angry and frightened

42. _____ 1. In Poe's "The Raven," the narrator tells a story about himself that took place within his private chamber. At the very start of the poem, what does the narrator describe his emotional state as? • A. Joyful and happy • B. Restless and anxious • C. Sad and tired • D. Angry and frightened

43. ____ 2. When does this poem take place? • A. Once upon a midnight dreary • B. Once we can’t remember when • C. Once long ago, we made merry • D. Once upon an evening early

44. ____ 2. When does this poem take place? • A. Once upon a midnight dreary • B. Once we can’t remember when • C. Once long ago, we made merry • D. Once upon an evening early

45. ____ 3. What was the author doing at the beginning of the poem when he heard the rapping at his door? • A. Reading a book • B. Writing a letter • C. Eating dinner • D. Reading old love letters

46. ____ 3. What was the author doing at the beginning of the poem when he heard the rapping at his door? • A. Reading a book • B. Writing a letter • C. Eating dinner • D. Reading old love letters

47. ____ 4.The narrator is lamenting the loss of whom? • A. Nora • B. Marion • C. Lenore • D. Leanne

48. ____ 4.The narrator is lamenting the loss of whom? • A. Nora • B. Marion • C. Lenore • D. Leanne

49. _____ 5. When the author first heard the "rapping at his chamber door", who did he think was outside? • A. His neighbour, who had been dead for three years • B. The raven • C. Some late night visitor • D. The landlord

50. _____ 5. When the author first heard the "rapping at his chamber door", who did he think was outside? • A. His neighbour, who had been dead for three years • B. The raven • C. Some late night visitor • D. The landlord