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Power Grid Corporation Of India Ltd.

Power Grid Corporation Of India Ltd. Welcomes Shri Jairam Ramesh, Hon’ble Minister of State for Power, Commerce & Industry to. Northern Regional Load Dispatch Center New Delhi. Presentation Outline. Overview - Indian Power System Grid Operation Indian Electricity Market

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Power Grid Corporation Of India Ltd.

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  1. Power Grid Corporation Of India Ltd. Welcomes Shri Jairam Ramesh, Hon’ble Minister of State for Power, Commerce & Industry to Northern Regional Load Dispatch Center New Delhi

  2. Presentation Outline • Overview - Indian Power System • Grid Operation • Indian Electricity Market • ABT & UI Settlement System • Short Term Open Access • TSO vs. ISO POWERGRID - NRLDC

  3. Overview - Indian Power System

  4. Spatial Distribution Of Load Source:Powerline (Siemens Ad), Oct-2006 POWERGRID - NRLDC

  5. INDIA 3,287,263 sq. km area More than 1 Billion people (2001 census) Installed Capacity of 141.08 GW (Jan-08) One Nation One Grid August 2006 North synchronized With Central Grid March 2003 West synchronized With East & Northeast NEW Grid South Grid October 1991 East and Northeast synchronized Central Grid North East West Northeast South FiveRegional Grids Five Frequencies

  6. The ‘Electrical’ Regions NORTHERN REGION 1 NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION 2 SOUTHERN REGION ‘N-E-W’ Grid SOUTH Grid POWERGRID - NRLDC

  7. Regional Grids – ‘Geographical’ 30,500 MW 37,486 MW 2,506 MW 19,416 MW 16,000 42,420 MW 39,175 MW Installed Generation Capacity Current: 141,080 MW Target for Year 2012: 200,000 MW Figures as on 31-Jan-2008 POWERGRID - NRLDC

  8. 68 0 72 0 76 0 88 0 92 0 96 0 80 0 84 0 82.5 0 J&K HP PUNJAB HARIANA NER N BHUTAN NEPAL SKM NG DELHI NE ASSAM RAJASTHAN UP ME BIHAR MNP B’ DESH- E MYANMAR TRP MIZ JKND MP WB GUJARAT W L CTGR ORISSA MAHARASHTRA DIU DAMAN S GOA PONDICHERY AP KARNATAKA A&N TAMIL NADU LAKSHADWEEP SRI LANKA Diversity • Time • Generation Resources • Load Centers • Long Haulage of Power • Weather • Seasons POWERGRID - NRLDC

  9. REGIONAL GRIDS NORTHERN REGION NORTH-EASTERN REGION EASTERN REGION WESTERNREGION SOUTHERN REGION Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India Deficit Region Snow fed – run-of –the –river hydro Highly weather sensitive load Adverse weather conditions: Fog & Dust Storm CHICKEN-NECK Very low load High hydro potential Evacuation problems Low load High coal reserves Pit head base load plants Industrial load and agricultural load High load (40% agricultural load) Monsoon dependent hydro POWERGRID - NRLDC

  10. POWERGRID - NRLDC

  11. Typical Seasonal Load Curves For Northern Region POWERGRID - NRLDC

  12. Typical Seasonal Load Curves For Southern Region SUMMER EVENING PEAK WINTER MONSOON POWERGRID - NRLDC

  13. International Connections • Bhutan • Tala HEP (1020 MW) – 400 KV • Chukha HEP (336 MW) – 220 KV • Kurichu HEP (60 MW) – 132 KV • Net import by India • Nepal • Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KV • Net export to Nepal (about 10% of Nepal’s demand) POWERGRID - NRLDC

  14. SYNCHRONOUS INTERCONNECTION WITH BHUTAN 3200 CIRCUIT KILOMETERS TALA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TALA HEP 1020 MW (6x170 MW) (BHUTAN) DELHI BARELI LUCKNOW BINAGURI PURNEA GORAKHPUR UNNAO MUZAFFARPUR 2 x 139 + 2 x 144 kms. of 400 kV lines in Bhutan NORTHERN GRID EASTERN GRID Snapshot from National Power System Desk

  15. Grid Operation

  16. Regional Grid Operation: Philosophy • Operated as loose power pools • States have full operational autonomy • State power system treated as notional (flexible) control area • Very tight control of actual interchange by state utilities & Inter State Generating Stations not mandated • Deviations from net drawal schedules appropriately priced POWERGRID - NRLDC

  17. PROBLEMS IN GRID OPERATIONS UNIT FAILURE LOSS OF GENERATION INSUFFICIENT GENERATION LOSS OF LOAD TRANSFORMER/ LINE FAILURE BUS ISOLATED SYSTEM COLLAPSE LINE OVERLOAD OR UNSATISFACTORY BUS VOLTAGE REDUCED NETWORK REDUNDANCY ISLANDING POWERGRID - NRLDC

  18. DAILY OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES VOLTAGE VARIATIONS: 380- 430 kV FLOATING FREQUENCY: 49 - 50.5 Hz BI-DIRECTIONAL LINE FLOWS HIGH RAMP RATE

  19. REAL TIME OPERATION IEGC ABT REAL TIME OPERATION • REAL TIME OPERATION STANDS ON TWO FIRM FOOTINGS • IEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE • ABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF POWERGRID - NRLDC

  20. GRID MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS • Ex-ante functions • Scheduling • Real-time functions • Supervision & control of system parameters • Facilitating Open Access transactions • Post-facto functions • Settlement system operation • Interaction with stakeholders POWERGRID - NRLDC

  21. GRID MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS EX-ANTE • Demand Estimation and Forecasting • Resource Scheduling • Grid element Outage Planning • Open Access transmission corridor reservations POWERGRID - NRLDC

  22. GRID MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS REAL-TIME • Resource re-scheduling • Implementation of contracts • Supervision & Control of system parameters • Real-time balancing • Ensuring grid security & reliability • Outage Coordination • Ensuring power quality • Loss minimization & resource optimization • Tackling Emergencies POWERGRID - NRLDC

  23. GRID MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS POST FACTO • Event Information & Reporting • Sequence of Event Analysis & Replay • Energy meter data collection • Data processing • Energy accounting • Pool Account operation • Unscheduled Interchange account • Reactive Energy Account POWERGRID - NRLDC

  24. Indian Electricity Market

  25. Development of the Power Market in India Development of the Power Market Section 66, IE Act 2003 National Electricity Policy, 12-Feb-2005, Para 5.7.1(d) Implementation of Inter-State ABT : 2002-03 Metering, Scheduling and Settlement Introduction of Open Access in Inter State Transmission : May 2004 Development of PX Staff paper by CERC : July 2006 Public hearing : December 2006 Guidelines for setting up PX : February 2007 Approval for setting up first PX : MCX, August 2007 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 26

  26. Regional Electricity Market in India Buyer Seller Short term Contract Long term contracts Long term transmission contracts Daily off-take commitment Grid Daily Delivery Commitment Physical Off take TSO Physical delivery Transmission Charges Pool Account Weekly settlement Operated by System Operator UI UI Buyer Seller Availability & Energy Charges 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 27

  27. DECENTRALIZED SCHEDULING Time S L D C R L D C I S G S Availability Declaration Entitlements Requisition & Bilateral Agreements Injection Schedule Drawal Schedule Revision in DC Revision in Requisition Final Injection Schedule Final Drawal Schedule 0 to 24 hours Revisions during Current day Revisions during Current day 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 28

  28. ABT & UI Settlement System

  29. Settlement System – ABT & UI • ABT is a scientific settlement system for contracted sale & purchase of power • Has three components • Fixed Charges or capacity charge • Linked to day-ahead declared availability/subscription • Variable Charges or fuel charges • Linked to before the fact energy schedules • Charges for deviation from commitments POWERGRID - NRLDC

  30. Settlement System – ABT & UI • Frequency actuated signal • Signal transmitted at the speed of dynamics to be controlled • Real time pricing stretched to its physical limits • Merit order • Economic load management • Incentives for helping the grid • Opportunities for a diligent player • Simple, dispute-free weekly settlement system POWERGRID - NRLDC

  31. UI mechanism • Maximizes social welfare • Transparent, neutral & rigging proof • Diffuses market power • Ultimate open access • Facilitates reforms in the sector • Encourages trade and bilateral exchanges • Facilitates exchanges (arbitrage) between regional power pools POWERGRID - NRLDC

  32. ADVANTAGES – ABT & UI • Inculcates self discipline among participants • Incentives to those who help the grid • Disincentives to those who harm the grid • Is scientific commercial mechanism • Brings in economy and efficiency • Achieves natural merit order in generation • Conducive for competition in power sector • Provides platform for power market to flourish POWERGRID - NRLDC

  33. The End Result …. • Frequency is • collectively controlled • democratically stabilized • Wholesale market is workably competitive • allocative efficiency • productive efficiency • Economic signal available for • optimum utilization of resource • investments in generation capacity • Settlement is • streamlined • dispute-free POWERGRID - NRLDC

  34. Balancing market guiding vector Normal Band (IEGC) Deficit Surplus 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 35

  35. Time Line For Settlement 0.04 % per day interest on defaulters Three day grace period For Bank processing Settlement week Monday 0000 Sunday 2400 Tuesday2400 Thursday 1200 Friday 2400 Saturday 2400 Tuesday2400 Tuesday2400 Monday 2400 Meter Data download & receipt at RLDC & preliminary checks Disbursement to utilities from the pool account Data validation, processing and computation at RLDC. Forwarded to Regional Power Committee Secretariat Account Settled within 21 days Data cross checking by Regional Power Committee Secretariat & Issue of Pool Account Unscheduled Interchange Account Reactive Energy Account Payment by utilities to the pool account managed by System Operator (RLDC) POWERGRID - NRLDC

  36. Metering System POWERGRID - NRLDC

  37. Open Access

  38. OPEN ACCESS: DEFINITION AS PER ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003 Section 2 (47) “Open access” means the non-discriminatory provision for the use of transmission lines or distribution system or associated facilities with such lines or system by any licensee or consumer or a person engaged in generation in accordance with the regulations specified by the Appropriate Commission;”

  39. CERC Open Access Regulations, 2008 3. Subject to any other regulations specified by the Commission, the long-term customer shall have first priority for using the inter-State transmission system for the designated use. These Regulations shall apply for utilization of surplus capacity available thereafter on the inter-State transmission system by virtue of- (a) Inherent design margins; (b) Margins available due to variations in power flows; and (c )Margins available due to in-built spare transmission capacity created to cater to future load growth or generation addition:

  40. Transmission Capacity • Is a coordinated exercise • Transmission system developed as • Generation linked Associated Transmission System • Inter-regional schemes • Grid strengthening schemes • Beneficiaries identified apriori • Transmission system can be constructed only with commitment • N-1 criterion adopted • Optimum capacity • Inherent design margin available in the transmission system • To accommodate the variation of 15% unallocated power • Skewed dispatch scenarios • Actual margins available in the system • Generation outages, unbalanced load growth • Laws of physics prevail

  41. Transmission Capacity vs Transfer Capability

  42. Total Transfer Capability Voltage Limit Thermal Limit Power Flow Stability Limit Total Transfer Capability Time Total Transfer Capability is the minimum of the Thermal Limit, Voltage Limit and the Stability Limit 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 43

  43. Total & Available Transfer Capability Transfer Reliability Margin (TRM) Capacity Benefit Margin (CBM) TTC Long Term Open Access (LTOA) ATC Short Term Open Access (STOA) ATC = TTC – TRM – CBM 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 44

  44. OPEN ACCESS IN INTER-STATE TRANSMISSION Implemented w.e.f. 6-May-2004 Products – Long term Access Short term Access Monthly Advance First Come First Serve Day ahead Intra day transactions Permits usage of spare transmission capacity through a transparent process Offers choice and freedom to buy & sell power 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 45

  45. CERC Open Access Regulations, 2008 Effective 01.04.2008 Regulations cover only Short-term Open Access Transactions categorized as Bilateral and Collective (through PX) Earlier Products of Short-Term retained under Bilateral Transactions Nodal Agency Bilateral : RLDCs Collective : NLDC

  46. Time Line For Open Access M1 M2 M3 M4 DOP DL-10 DL-5 DL DL+5 DOP-4 Adv Application for M2 DOP-1 FCFS Adv Application for M3, Approvals for M2 Adv Application for M4, Approvals for M3 Approvals for M4 Day Ahead / PX LEGEND: DOP : Day of Operation DL : Last day of M1 New Open Access Regulations w.e.f. 01-April-2008 14-Sep-14 POWERGRID - NRLDC 47

  47. Short-Term Open Access transactionby Captive Power PlantA typical example:From : SAIL Durgapur Steel Plant (DVC),ERTo : SAIL Bhilai Steel Plant (CSEB),WRQuantum : 20 MW Source : SAIL

  48. NETWORK INVOLVED DSP/ASP CPP(2*60 MW) Co-ordination for Scheduling, Settlement & System Operation by Seller DVC SLDC-DVC Seam Changes ER ISTS ERLDC WR ISTS WRLDC CSEB SLDC-Chattisgarh Buyer BSP

  49. Transmission & System Operation Charges BSP 2.466 Rs/kwh DSP 2.33 Rs/kwh DVC TSC +SOC =0.034 Rs CSEB TSC+SOC=0.034 Rs 2.364Rs/kwh 2.432Rs/kwh WR ISTS TSC+SOC=0.034 Rs ER ISTS TSC+SOC= 0.034 Rs 2.398Rs/kwh

  50. Transmission Losses BSP 17.03MW DSP 20MW CSEB 3.93% Loss DVC 2.82% Loss 17.73MW 19.44MW WR ISTS 5.5% Loss ER ISTS 3.5% Loss 18.76MW

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