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HIV & AIDS

HIV & AIDS. Winifred iklaki 2014. TABLE OF CONTENT. Definition of HIV Definition of aids History Origin Epidemiology Signs & symptoms Mode of transmission Prevention Diagnoses Latest treatment Reference. WHAT HIV&AIDS. History of hiv &aids.

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HIV & AIDS

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  1. HIV & AIDS Winifred iklaki 2014

  2. TABLE OF CONTENT Definition of HIV Definition of aids History Origin Epidemiology Signs & symptoms Mode of transmission Prevention Diagnoses Latest treatment Reference

  3. WHAT HIV&AIDS

  4. History of hiv &aids • AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the United States. The initial cases were a cluster of injecting drug users and homosexual men with no known cause of impaired immunity who showed symptoms of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a rare opportunistic infection that was known to occur in people with very compromised immune systems. Soon thereafter, an unexpected number of gay men developed a previously rare skin cancer called Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS).

  5. ORIGIN OF HIV & AIDS • Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of HIV infection in humans. They believed that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV) most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood.

  6. THE VIRUS • HIV: belongs to a group of viruses known: known as as RETROVIRUSES (type of viruses that carry their genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid[RNA] rather than deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA].

  7. TYPES OF HIV • Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was originally discovered (and initially referred to as LAV or HTLV-III). It is more virulent, infective and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower infectivity of HIV-2 as compared to HIV-1 implies that fewer people exposed to HIV-2 will be infected per exposure. Due to its poor capacity for transmission, HIV-2 is largely confined to West Africa.

  8. EPIDEMIOLOGY

  9. EPIDEMIOLOGY CONTD. • 33.4 million are currently living with HIV/AIDS. • More than 25 million people have died of AIDS worldwide since the first cases were reported in 1981. • African Americans account for about 13% of population but accounted for nearly half of all new HIV diagnoses (49%) in 2006 (data from 33 states) •Black gay and bisexual men and black women bear the greatest burden.

  10. STAGES OF HIV & AIDS

  11. THE ACUTE INFECTION

  12. STAGE 2 & 3 STAGE 2:Asymtomatic period This stage, people may not know they are infected so the remain infectious . This stage lasts for an average of ten years, and it is free from major symptoms. During the period without symptoms, HIV slowly kills the CD4 cells and destroy the immune system. PS: The virus is very active in the lymph nodes. STAGE 3:Symptomatic HIV infection Over time the immune system becomes severely damaged by HIV and is prone to any other disease or virus which is also known as OPPORTUNISTIC infections. Here unless HIV is slowed down the symptoms of immune suppression will continue to worsen.

  13. THE LAST STAGE

  14. HIV LIFE CYCLE

  15. SYMPTOMS OF HIV • Typical Symptoms of AIDS tend to be: • Weight reduction • Chills • Swollen lymph • Vitality loss • Diarrhoea • Persistent nausea • Coughing • Shortness of breath • Seizures • Painful swallowing • Lapse of memory • Continual headaches

  16. TRANSMISSION • * Unprotected sex,* Intravenous drug use,* Blood transfusion,* Tattooing & body piercing,* Occupational exposure,* Pregnancy childbirth & breasting.

  17. LATEST TREATMENT FOR HIV

  18. Anti-HIV gel is declared breakthrough for women • More than a decade of failure and frustration ended with a report that a new vaginal gel gives women the power to reduce their risk of contracting HIV and genital herpes without relying on their male partner to use a condom. The experimental gel is made with Gilead Sciences' antiviral drug tenofovir, which is widely used for treating HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Applying the 1% tenofovir gel 12 hours before and 12 hours after sex reduced a woman's risk of HIV infection by 39% over the course of 2½ years.

  19. TREATMENT • Antiretroviral therapy suppresses the replication of the HIV virus in the body. A combination of several antiretroviral drugs, called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has been very effective in reducing the number of HIV particles in the bloodstream. Preventing the virus from replicating can improve T-cell counts and help the immune system recover from the HIV infection.

  20. PREVENTION FOUR WAYS TO PROTECT YOUR SELF .ABSTINENCE .Monogamous relationship .Protected sex .sterile needle.

  21. SHOW THEM LOVE

  22. REFERENCES • CDC • .centre for disease control & prevention • www.wrld health organization • www.about .com • www.web md • www.aids .org • MD students.

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